Coating Standards for Fasteners
Standards for fastener coatings deal with protective coatings, the design of fasteners that have coatings applied to them, and the requirements for the application of the coating itself. Since matching the coating material and procedure to the fastener material and the intended application is balancing many variables, standardization promotes reliability in design across manufacturers.
SAE J 1648-2019
Protective Coatings for Fasteners
This SAE Information Report is provided as an advisory guide. Careful discretion as to application is recommended. The content has been presented as accurately as possible, but responsiblity for its application lies with the user. It covers finishes applied to fasteners and related topics, corrosion resistance, lubricity, electrical grounding, ultraviolet light, and embrittlement. Table 1 lists these coatings and their properties so that finish selection can be reasonably made in accordance with known and anticipated fastener assembly applications. Application of protective coatings will affect fastener dimensions. This is especially critical for the thread fit of mating parts because the pitch diameter increases by four times the coating thickness. Explanation is covered in Section 5.
SAE AMS 2506E-2018
Coating of Fasteners, Aluminum Filled, Ceramic Bonded Coating
This specification covers the requirements for application to fasteners of a corrosion and heat resistant aluminum coating material having a thermosetting inorganic binder and the properties of the finished coating.
ISO 4042:2018
Fasteners - Electroplated coating systems
This document specifies requirements for electroplated coatings and coating systems on steel fasteners. The requirements related to dimensional properties also apply to fasteners made of copper or copper alloys. It also specifies requirements and gives recommendations to minimize the risk of hydrogen embrittlement; see 4.4 and Annex B. It mainly applies to zinc and zinc alloy coating systems (zinc, zinc-nickel, zinc-iron) and cadmium, primarily intended for corrosion protection and other functional properties: with or without conversion coating; with or without sealant; with or without top coat; with or without lubricant (integral lubricant and/or subsequently added lubricant). Specifications for other electroplated coatings and coating systems (tin, tin-zinc, copper-tin, copper-silver, copper, silver, copper-zinc, nickel, nickel-chromium, copper-nickel, copper-nickel-chromium) are included in this document only for dimensional requirements related to fasteners with ISO metric threads. This document applies to bolts, screws, studs and nuts with ISO metric thread, to fasteners with non-ISO metric thread, and to non-threaded fasteners such as washers, pins, clips and rivets. Information for design and assembly of coated fasteners is given in Annex A. This document does not specify requirements for properties such as weldability or paintability. NOTE Other International Standards specify differing electroplating processes. For electroplating of fasteners, the requirements of this document apply, unless otherwise agreed.
ASTM F1137/F1137M-19
Standard Specification for Phosphate/Oil Corrosion Protective Coatings for Fasteners
1.1 This specification covers the basic requirements for six grades of corrosion protection for fasteners. Grade A consists of a heavy zinc phosphate coating with no additional sealer (dry), Grade B consists of a heavy zinc phosphate coating with a dry organic sealer, Grade C consists of a heavy zinc phosphate coating with supplemental dry-to-touch oil type compound, Grade D consists of a heavy zinc phosphate coating with supplemental protective oil type compound, Grade E consists of a grain-refined microcrystalline zinc phosphate with supplemental oil type compound, and Grade F consists of a manganese phosphate coating with supplemental oil type compound. 1.2 This specification is intended primarily for fasteners such as nuts, clips, washers, and other ferrous threaded and non-threaded fasteners that require corrosion protection and lubrication. 1.3 These coatings may or may not have a decorative finish. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
IFI-144:2000
Test Evaluation Procedures for Coating Qualification Intended for Use on High-Strength Structural Bolts
This Standard defines the procedures and tests which demonstrate that a given coating should be considered by the Research Council on Structural Connections and ASTM Committee F-16 on Fasteners for inch series high-strength structural bolts.
ISO 10683:2018
Fasteners - Non-electrolytically applied zinc flake coating systems
This document specifies requirements for non-electrolytically applied zinc flake coating systems for steel fasteners. It is applicable to coatings: with or without hexavalent chromium; with or without top coat; with or without lubricant (integral lubricant and/or subsequently added lubricant). It is applicable to bolts, screws, studs and nuts with ISO metric thread, to fasteners with non-ISO metric thread, and to non-threaded fasteners such as washers, pins, clips, etc. This document does not specify requirements for such fastener properties as weldability or paintability. It is not applicable to mechanically applied zinc coatings. NOTE Coatings in accordance with this document are especially used for high strength fasteners ( 1 000 MPa) to avoid risk of internal hydrogen embrittlement (IHE see 4.4). Information for design and assembly of coated fasteners is given in Annex A.
ISO 10684:2004
Fasteners - Hot dip galvanized coatings
ISO 10684:2004 specifies material, process, dimensional and some performance requirements for hot dip spun galvanized coatings applied to coarse threaded steel fasteners from M8 up to and including M64 and for property classes up to and including 10.9 for bolts, screws and studs and 12 for nuts. It is not recommended to hot dip galvanize threaded fasteners in diameters smaller than M8 and/or with pitches below 1,25 mm. ISO 10684:2004 primarily concerns the spun hot dip galvanizing of threaded steel fasteners, but it may also be applied to other threaded steel parts. The specifications given in this document may also be applied to non-threaded steel parts such as washers.
ASTM F2660-20
Standard Test Method for Qualifying Coatings for Use on F3125 Grade A490 Structural Bolts Relative to Environmental Hydrogen Embrittlement
1.1 This test method defines the procedures and tests to evaluate the effect of a coating system on the susceptibility to environmental hydrogen embrittlement (EHE) of an ASTM F3125 Grade A490 high strength structural bolt. 1.2 This test method shall qualify a coating system for use with any size of F3125 Grade A490 bolts (that is, 1 / 2 to 1- 1 / 2 in.) high strength structural bolts, relative to EHE. 1.3 The characteristic to be evaluated by this test method is the susceptibility to EHE caused by hydrogen generated from corrosion protection of the steel bolt by sacrificial galvanic corrosion of the coating. Testing shall be performed on coated, specimen ASTM F3125 Grade A490 bolts manufactured to the maximum susceptible tensile strength values (see Table 1 ) of the bolt (see Section 5 Specimen Bolt Requirements). The internal hydrogen embrittlement (IHE) susceptibility will also be inherently evaluated when the EHE is tested through this test method. There is no need for a separate IHE susceptibility test. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM A239-21
Standard Practice for Locating the Thinnest Spot in a Zinc (Galvanized) Coating on Iron or Steel Articles
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for locating, by the use of a solution of copper sulfate, the thinnest spot in a zinc coating (hot dipped, electroplated, or sprayed) on iron or steel articles that are coated after the shape is produced by casting, drawing, pressing, or other forming methods. 1.2 Units— The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ISO 10587:2000
Metallic and other inorganic coatings - Test for residual embrittlement in both metallic-coated and uncoated externally-threaded articles and rods - Inclined wedge method
This International Standard specifies a method of determining, on a statistical basis, the probability of the existence of hydrogen embrittlement or degradation in: a batch of barrel electroplated, autocatalytic plated, phosphated or chemically processed threaded articles; a batch of rack plated threaded articles or rods. This International Standard is applicable to threaded articles and rod made from steel with an actual tensile strength 1000 MPa (corresponding hardness values: 300 HV, 303 HB or 31 HRC) or to surface-hardened threaded articles or rods. It is not applicable to fasteners. The test method is carried out after hydrogen embrittlement relief heat treatment and may also be used for assessing differences in processing solutions, conditions and techniques. The test method has two main functions: a) when used with a statistical sampling plan it can be used for lot acceptance or rejection; b) it can be used as a control test to determine the effectiveness of the various processing steps including pre- and post-baking treatments to reduce the mobile hydrogen in the articles or rod. Although the test method is capable of indicating those articles that are embrittled to the extent defined in clause 2, it does not guarantee complete freedom from embrittlement. This International Standard does not relieve the plater, processor or manufacturer from imposing and monitoring suitable process control.
ISO 1456:2009
Metallic and other inorganic coatings - Electrodeposited coatings of nickel, nickel plus chromium, copper plus nickel and of copper plus nickel plus chromium
ISO 1456:2009 specifies requirements for decorative nickel, nickel plus chromium, copper plus nickel and copper plus nickel plus chromium coatings that are applied to iron, steel, zinc alloys, copper and copper alloys, and to aluminium and aluminium alloys, to provide an attractive appearance and enhanced corrosion resistance. Coating designations are specified that differ in thickness and type, and guidance is given on selecting the coating designation appropriate for the service conditions to which the coated product will be exposed. ISO 1456:2009 does not specify the surface condition required by the basis metal prior to the coating process, and is not applicable to coatings on sheet, strip or wire in the non-fabricated form nor to threaded fasteners or coil springs.
ISO 1461:2009
Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles - Specifications and test methods
ISO 1461:2009 specifies the general properties of coatings and test methods for coatings applied by dipping fabricated iron and steel articles (including certain castings) in a zinc melt (containing not more than 2 % of other metals). It does not apply to the following: sheet, wire and woven or welded mesh products that are continuously hot dip galvanized; tube and pipe that are hot dip galvanized in automatic plants; hot dip galvanized products (e.g. fasteners) for which specific standards exist and which might include additional requirements or requirements which are different from those of ISO 1461:2009. After-treatment/over-coating of hot dip galvanized articles is not covered by ISO 1461:2009.
ISO 14713-2:2019
Zinc coatings - Guidelines and recommendations for the protection against corrosion of iron and steel in structures - Part 2: Hot dip galvanizing
This document gives guidelines and recommendations for the general principles of design appropriate to articles to be hot dip galvanized after fabrication (e.g. in accordance with ISO 1461) for the corrosion protection of, for example, articles that have been manufactured in accordance with EN 1090-2. This document does not apply to hot dip galvanized coatings applied to continuous wire or sheet (e.g. to EN 10346).
ISO 14713-3:2017
Zinc coatings - Guidelines and recommendations for the protection against corrosion of iron and steel in structures - Part 3: Sherardizing
ISO 14708-3:2017 provides guidelines and recommendations regarding the general principles of design that are appropriate for articles to be sherardized for corrosion protection. The protection afforded by the sherardized coating to the article will depend upon the method of application of the coating, the design of the article and the specific environment to which the article is exposed. The sherardized article can be further protected by application of additional coatings (outside the scope of this document), such as organic coatings (wet paints or powder coatings). When applied to sherardized articles, this combination of coatings is often known as a duplex system . General guidance on this subject can be found in ISO 12944 5 and EN 13438. The maintenance of corrosion protection in service for steel with sherardized coatings is outside the scope of this document. Specific product-related requirements (e.g. for sherardized coatings on fasteners or tubes, etc.) will take precedence over these general recommendations.
ISO 4519:1980
Electrodeposited metallic coatings and related finishes - Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes
The sampling plans are applicable to the inspection of end items, components, materials in process and finished products in storage. The plan are intended to be used for a continuing series and lots, but they may also be used for isolated lots. ISO 4510 is not applicable to the sampling and testing of mechanical fasteners having electrodeposited metallic coatings or related finishes. These sampling plans are based on AQL's of 1,5 and 4,0 %.
ISO 8080:2021
Aerospace - Anodic treatment of titanium and titanium alloys - Sulfuric acid process
This document specifies the requirements for producing and testing an unsealed anodic coating on titanium and titanium alloys. The anodic coating is produced by the sulfuric acid process. The coating is used with solid film lubricants for protection of titanium fasteners against galling, for limited protection of less noble metals against galvanic corrosion when in contact with titanium or for other approved uses.
ISO 9587:2007
Metallic and other inorganic coatings - Pretreatment of iron or steel to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement
ISO 9587:2007 establishes stress-relief requirements for high strength steels, in order to reduce their susceptibility or degree of susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement in subsequent pretreatment, electroplating, autocatalytic plating, chemical conversion and phosphating processes. This International Standard is applicable to steels of which the properties are not adversely affected by heat treatment at 190 0 C to 230 0 C or higher (see 6.2). The heat treatment procedures established in ISO 9587:2007 have been shown to be effective in reducing the susceptibility of steel having tensile strengths equal to or greater than 1 000 MPa and that have been machined, ground, cold-formed or cold-straightened subsequent to heat treatment. This heat treatment procedure is used prior to any operation capable of hydrogen charging the parts, such as the cleaning procedures prior to electroplating, autocatalytic plating and other chemical coating operations. ISO 9587:2007 does not apply to fasteners.
ISO 9588:2007
Metallic and other inorganic coatings - Post-coating treatments of iron or steel to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement
ISO 9588:2007 specifies procedures for reducing susceptibility, or degree of susceptibility, to hydrogen embrittlement that can arise in surface finishing processes. The heat-treatment procedures for iron or steel specified in ISO 9588:2007 have been shown to be effective in reducing the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. These heat-treatment procedures are used after surface finishing, but prior to any secondary conversion-coating operation. Stress-relief heat-treatment procedures applied after fabrication, but prior to surface finishing, are specified in ISO 9587. ISO 9588:2007 does not apply to fasteners.
SAE AMS 2410L-2018
Plating, Silver, Nickel Strike, High Bake
This specification covers the requirements for electrodeposited silver on other metals, usually with a nickel strike between the basis metal and the silver.
SAE AMS 2411J-2019
Plating, Silver for High Temperature Applications
This specification covers requirements for silver deposited on metal parts with a nickel strike between the basis metal and the silver deposit.
