Customer Service:
Mon - Fri: 8:30 am - 6 pm EST

Lumber and Engineered Wood Products

These ASTM standards involve grades of lumber quality, structural capacity, different lumber materials, and joints.

ASTM D245-06(2019)

Standard Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Related Allowable Properties for Visually Graded Lumber

1.1 This practice ( 1 , 2 ) 2 covers the basic principles for establishing related unit stresses and stiffness values for design with visually-graded solid sawn structural lumber. This practice starts with property values from clear wood specimens and includes necessary procedures for the formulation of structural grades of any desired strength ratio. 1.2 The grading provisions used as illustrations herein are not intended to establish grades for purchase, but rather to show how stress-grading principles are applied. Detailed grading rules for commercial stress grades which serve as purchase specifications are established and published by agencies which formulate and maintain such rules and operate inspection facilities covering the various species. 1.3 The material covered in this practice appears in the following order: 1.4 The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Available for Subscriptions

ASTM D1990-19

Standard Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties for Visually-Graded Dimension Lumber from In-Grade Tests of Full-Size Specimens

1.1 This practice covers the principles and procedures for establishing allowable stress values for bending, tension parallel to grain, compression parallel to grain and modulus of elasticity values for structural design from In-Grade tests of full-size visually graded solid sawn dimension lumber. This practice also covers procedures for periodic monitoring, and additional procedures, if needed, for evaluation and possible reassessment of assigned design values. This practice is focused on, but is not limited to, grades which used the concepts incorporated in Practice D245 and were developed and interpreted under American Softwood Lumber PS 20. 1.2 A basic assumption of the procedures used in this practice is that the samples selected and tested are representative of the entire global population being evaluated. This approach is consistent with the historical clear wood methodology of assigning an allowable property to visually-graded lumber which was representative of the entire growth range of a species or species group. Every effort shall be made to ensure the test sample is representative of population by grade and size (see 7.1.1 and 7.1.2 ). 1.3 Due to the number of specimens involved and the number of mechanical properties to be evaluated, a methodology for evaluating the data and assigning allowable properties to both tested and untested grade/size cells is necessary. Sampling and analysis of tested cells are covered in Practice D2915 . The mechanical test methods are covered in Test Methods D198 and D4761 . This practice covers the necessary procedures for assigning allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values to dimension lumber from In-Grade tests. The practice includes methods to permit assignment of allowable stress and modulus of elasticity values to untested sizes and grades, as well as some untested properties. The practice includes procedures for periodic monitoring of the species or species group to quantify potential changes in the product and verification of the assigned design values through, evaluation, and reassessment. Note 1: In the implementation of the North American In-Grade test program, allowable stress values for compression perpendicular to grain and shear parallel to grain for structural design were calculated using the procedures of Practice D245 . 1.4 This practice only covers dimension lumber. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Available for Subscriptions

ASTM D2915-17

Standard Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Structural Wood and Wood-Based Products

1.1 This practice covers sampling and analysis procedures for the investigation of specified populations of wood and wood-based structural products referred to in this standard as products. Appropriate product standards should be referenced for presentation requirements for data. Depending on the interest of the user, the population from which samples are taken may range from the products produced at a specific manufacturing site to all the products produced in a particular grade from a particular geographic area, during some specified interval of time. This practice generally assumes that the population is sufficiently large so that, for sampling purposes, it may be considered infinite. Where this assumption is inadequate, that is, the population is assumed finite, many of the provisions of this practice may be employed but the sampling and analysis procedure must be designed to reflect a finite population. The statistical techniques embodied in this practice provide procedures to summarize data so that logical judgments can be made. This practice does not specify the action to be taken after the results have been analyzed. The action to be taken depends on the particular requirements of the user of the product. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This practice does not purport to address the adjustment factors needed to adjust test data to standardized mechanical and environmental conditions (that is, temperature, moisture, test span, or load duration). Additionally, it provides a basis for statistical estimates that will typically require further adjustment to determine design values for use with an accepted design methodology (that is, allowable stress, limit states, or load and resistance factor design). It shall be the responsibility of the user to seek out the appropriate adjustments in specific product standards. 1.4 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Available for Subscriptions

ASTM D3737-18e1

Standard Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties for Structural Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam)

1.1 This practice covers the procedures for establishing allowable properties for structural glued laminated timber. Included are the allowable stresses for bending, tension and compression parallel to the grain, horizontal shear, compression perpendicular to the grain, and radial tension and compression in curved members. Also included are modulus of elasticity and modulus of rigidity. 1.2 This practice is limited to the calculation of allowable properties subject to the given procedures for the selection and arrangement of grades of lumber of the species considered. 1.3 Requirements for production, inspection and certification are not included, but in order to justify the allowable properties developed using procedures in this practice, manufacturers must conform to recognized manufacturing standards. Refer to ANSI A190.1 and CSA O122. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Available for Subscriptions

ASTM D3957-09(2020)

Standard Practices for Establishing Stress Grades for Structural Members Used in Log Buildings

1.1 These practices cover the visual stress-grading principles applicable to structural wood members of nonrectangular shape, as typically used in log buildings. These practices are meant to supplement the ASTM standards listed in Section 2 , which cover stress-grading of sawn lumber and round timbers. Pieces covered by these practices may also be used in building types other than log buildings. 1.2 The grading provisions used as illustrations herein are not intended to establish grades for purchase, but rather to show how stress-grading principles are applied to members used in log buildings. Detailed grading rules for commercial stress grades which serve as purchase specifications are established and published by agencies that formulate and maintain such rules and operate inspection facilities covering the various species. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Available for Subscriptions

ASTM D5055-19e1

Standard Specification for Establishing and Monitoring Structural Capacities of Prefabricated Wood I-Joists

1.1 General This specification gives procedures for establishing, monitoring, and reevaluating structural capacities of prefabricated wood I-joists. Capacities considered are shear, reaction, moment, and stiffness. Procedures for establishing common details are given and certain design considerations specific to wood I-joists are itemized. 1.2 Contents of the Standard An index and brief description of the main features of this specification are given in X2.1.1 . 1.3 Development of the Standard The development and intent of this specification is discussed in Appendix X2 . 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 6.1.1.5 . 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Available for Subscriptions

ASTM D5456-21e1

Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products

1.1 This specification recognizes the complexity of structural glued products. Consequently, this specification covers both specific procedures and statements of intent that sampling and analysis must relate to the specific product. 1.2 This specification was developed in the light of currently manufactured products as defined in 3.2 . Materials that do not conform to the definitions are beyond the scope of this specification. A brief discussion is found in Appendix X2 . 1.3 Details of manufacturing procedures are beyond the scope of this specification. Note 1: There is some potential for manufacturing variables to affect the properties of members that are loaded for sustained periods of time. Users of this specification are advised to consider the commentary on this topic in Appendix X2 . 1.4 This specification primarily considers end use in dry service conditions defined in the governing code-referenced design standards, such as in most covered structures. The conditioning environment of 6.3 is considered representative of such uses. 1.5 The performance of structural composite lumber is affected by wood species, wood element size and shape, and adhesive and production parameters. Therefore, products produced by each individual manufacturer shall be evaluated to determine their product properties, regardless of the similarity in characteristics to products produced by other manufacturers. Where a manufacturer produces product in more than one facility, each production facility shall be evaluated independently. For additional production facilities, any revisions to the full qualification program in accordance with this specification shall be approved by the independent qualifying agency. 1.6 This specification is intended to provide manufacturers, regulatory agencies, and end users with a means to evaluate a composite lumber product intended for use as a structural material. 1.7 This specification covers initial qualification sampling, mechanical and physical tests, analysis, and design value assignments. Requirements for a quality-control program and cumulative evaluations are included to ensure maintenance of allowable design values for the product. 1.8 This specification, or parts thereof, shall be applicable to structural composite lumber portions of manufactured structural components. 1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Available for Subscriptions

ASTM D5457-21a

Standard Specification for Computing Reference Resistance of Wood-Based Materials and Structural Connections for Load and Resistance Factor Design

1.1 This specification covers procedures for computing the reference resistance of wood-based materials and structural connections for use in load and resistance factor design (LRFD). The format conversion procedure is outlined in Section 4 . The test-based derivation procedure is outlined in Annex A1 . The reference resistance derived from this specification applies to the design of structures addressed by the load combinations in ASCE 7-16. 1.2 A commentary to this specification is provided in Appendix X1 . 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Available for Subscriptions

ASTM D6570-18a

Standard Practice for Assigning Allowable Properties for Mechanically Graded Lumber

1.1 This practice covers the methodology of grade qualification, assignment of design properties, and requirements for the quality control of mechanically graded solid sawn lumber. 1.2 This practice acknowledges alternative methods for the assignment of specific properties. These methods are assignment by test, relationship to other properties, and by procedures in other appropriate standards. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Available for Subscriptions

ASTM D7031-11(2019)

Standard Guide for Evaluating Mechanical and Physical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composite Products

1.1 This guide covers test methods appropriate for evaluating a wide range of performance properties for wood-plastic composite (WPC) products. It was developed from evaluations of both experimental and currently manufactured products, and is not intended to suggest that all the tests listed are necessary or appropriate for each application of a WPC. The user must determine which test methods apply to the particular application being evaluated (see Appendix X1 ). 1.2 Details of manufacturing processes may be proprietary and are beyond the scope of this guide. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Available for Subscriptions

ASTM D7032-21

Standard Specification for Establishing Performance Ratings for Wood-Plastic Composite and Plastic Lumber Deck Boards, Stair Treads, Guards, and Handrails

1.1 This specification covers procedures to establish a performance rating for wood-plastic composite and plastic lumber for use as exterior deck boards, stair treads, guards, and handrails. The purpose of this specification is to establish a basis for code recognition of these products or systems in exterior applications. Note 1: While wood-plastic composites contain wood or other cellulosic materials, the presence of wood or other cellulosic materials in plastic lumber is not required by this specification. Due to non-wood materials in wood-plastic composites and plastic lumber the structural, physical, fire, and other attributes may not be similar to those of wood. Note 2: The products addressed in this standard are considered combustible. No fire response characteristic is required in this specification except for flame spread index as determined in accordance with Test Method E84 . 1.1.1 The plastic component of wood-plastic composites and plastic lumber covered by this specification shall consist primarily of thermoplastics. 1.2 Deck boards, stair treads, guards, and handrails covered by this specification are permitted to be of any code compliant shape and thickness (solid or non-solid). 1.3 Wood-plastic composites and plastic lumber are produced in a broad range of fiber and/or resin formulations. It is recognized that the performance requirements in this specification are valid for any material or combination of materials used as deck boards, stair treads, guards, or handrails. 1.4 Details of manufacturing processes are beyond the scope of this specification. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 Table of Contents: 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Available for Subscriptions

ASTM D7199-20

Standard Practice for Establishing Characteristic Values for Reinforced Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam) Beams Using Mechanics-Based Models

1.1 This practice describes procedures for establishing the characteristic values for reinforced structural glued-laminated timber (glulam) beams using mechanics-based models and validated by full-scale beam tests. Glulam beams shall be manufactured in accordance with applicable provisions of ANSI A190.1. 1.2 This practice also describes a minimum set of performance-based durability test requirements for reinforced glulam beams, as specified in Annex A1 . Additional durability test requirements shall be considered in accordance with the specific end-use environment. Appendix X1 provides an example of a mechanics-based methodology that satisfies the requirements set forth in this practice. 1.3 This practice is limited to procedures for establishing flexural properties (modulus of rupture, MOR, and modulus of elasticity, MOE) about the x-x axis of horizontally-laminated reinforced glulam beams. 1.4 The establishment of secondary properties, such as bending about the y-y axis, shear parallel to grain, tension parallel to grain, compression parallel to grain, and compression perpendicular to grain, for the reinforced glulam beams are beyond the scope of this practice. Note 1: When the establishment of secondary properties is deemed necessary, testing according to other applicable methods, such as Test Methods D143 and D198 or analysis in accordance with Practice D3737 , may be considered. 1.5 Reinforced glulam beams subjected to axial loads are outside the scope of this practice. 1.6 Proper safety, serviceability, and adjustment factors including duration of load, to be used in design are outside the scope of this practice. 1.7 Evaluation of unbonded, prestressed, and shear reinforcement is outside the scope of this practice. 1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The mechanics-based model shall be permitted to be developed using SI or inch-pound units. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Available for Subscriptions

ASTM D7341-21

Standard Practice for Establishing Characteristic Values for Flexural Properties of Structural Glued Laminated Timber by Full-Scale Testing

1.1 This practice describes procedures for full scale testing of structural glued laminated timber (glulam) to determine or verify characteristic values used to calculate flexural design properties. Guidelines are given for: (1) testing individual structural glued laminated timber lay-ups (with no modeling), (2) testing individual glulam combinations (with limited modeling), and (3) validating models used to predict characteristic values. 1.2 This practice is limited to procedures for establishing flexural properties (Modulus of Rupture, MOR, and Modulus of Elasticity, MOE). Some of the principles for sampling and analysis presented may be applicable to other properties. However, other properties may require additional testing considerations that are beyond the scope of this practice. 1.3 This practice is not intended to supersede the provisions of Practice D3737 , but provides an alternative method for establishing characteristic values. Lay-up combinations developed in accordance with Practice D3737 are not required to be governed by this standard. Note 1: The models described by Practice D3737 have been developed and modified based on more than 50 years of experience and many test programs. In some cases, however, it may be desirable to develop a new model based on other input properties or using lumber materials or grades not covered by that standard. 1.4 Details of production, inspection, and certification are beyond the scope of this document. However, for test results to be representative of production, quality control systems shall be in place to ensure consistent quality. Manufacturing shall conform to recognized manufacturing standards such as ANSI A190.1 or CSA O122. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Available for Subscriptions

ASTM D7374-21

Standard Practice for Evaluating Elevated Temperature Performance of Adhesives Used in End-Jointed Lumber

1.1 This practice is to be used to evaluate the elevated temperature performance of adhesives used in end-jointed lumber. 1.2 A symmetric wall assembly containing end-jointed lumber studs is exposed to a standard fire exposure specified in Test Methods E119 . 1.3 The wall assembly shall sustain the applied load during a standard fire exposure specified in Test Methods E119 for a period of 60 min or more. 1.4 This practice is used to evaluate the performance of adhesives used in end-jointed lumber to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but it does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment under actual fire conditions. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Available for Subscriptions

ASTM D7470-21

Standard Practice for Evaluating Elevated Temperature Performance of End-Jointed Lumber Studs

1.1 This practice is to be used to evaluate the elevated temperature performance of end-jointed lumber studs. 1.2 A symmetric wall assembly containing end-jointed lumber studs is exposed to a standard fire exposure specified in Test Methods E119 . 1.3 End-jointed lumber studs are deemed qualified if the wall assembly resists a standard fire exposure specified in Test Methods E119 for a period of 60 min or more. Qualification of end-jointed lumber studs are restricted to the joint configuration and adhesive tested. 1.4 This practice is used to evaluate the performance of end-jointed lumber studs to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment under actual fire conditions. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Available for Subscriptions
ANSI Logo

As the voice of the U.S. standards and conformity assessment system, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) empowers its members and constituents to strengthen the U.S. marketplace position in the global economy while helping to assure the safety and health of consumers and the protection of the environment.

Useful Links
CUSTOMER SERVICE
NEW YORK OFFICE
ANSI HEADQUARTERS
2024 © American National Standards Institute (ANSI) All Rights Reserved.