Pipes
Pipe standards are published by a wide variety of SDOs, including ASME, CSA, AWWA, and others. This list covers topics ranging from physical specifications, requirements to transport different materials, pipe supports and hangers, different construction materials and their limits, and general safety.
ASME B31.3-2020
Process Piping
ASME B31.3 contains requirements for piping typically found in petroleum refineries; chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, paper, semiconductor, and cryogenic plants; and related processing plants and terminals. It covers materials and components, design, fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection, and testing of piping.
ANSI/MSS SP-58-2018
Pipe Hangers and Supports - Materials, Design, Manufacture, Selection, Application, and Installation
This Standard Practice establishes an industry accepted basis for Manufacturers, Engineers, Erectors, Purchasers, Inspectors, Draftsmen, and others involved in the Materials, Design, Manufacture, Selection, Application, Inspection, and Installation of pipe hangers and supports and their components for piping systems of all service temperatures.
ASME B31.12-2019
Hydrogen Piping and Pipelines
ASME B31.12 Standard on Hydrogen Piping and Pipelines contains requirements for piping in gaseous and liquid hydrogen service and pipelines in gaseous hydrogen service. The general requirements section covers materials, brazing, welding, heat treating, forming, testing, inspection, examination, operating, and maintenance. The industrial piping section covers requirements for components, design, fabrication, assembly, erection, inspection, examination, and testing of piping. This Code is applicable to piping in gaseous and liquid hydrogen service and to pipelines in gaseous hydrogen service. B31.12 is applicable up to and including the joint connecting the piping to associated pressure vessels and equipment but not to the vessels and equipment themselves. It is also applicable to the location and type of support elements, but not to the structure to which the support elements are attached. B31.12 is presented in the following parts: (a) Part GR — General Requirements. This part contains definitions and requirements for materials, welding, brazing, heat treating, forming, testing, inspection, examination, operation, and maintenance. (b) Part IP — Industrial Piping. This part includes requirements for components, design, fabrication, assembly, erection, inspection, examination, and testing of piping. (c) Part PL — Pipelines. This part sets forth requirements for components, design, installation, and testing of hydrogen pipelines. It is required that each part be used in conjunction with the General Requirements section but independent of the other parts. It is not intended that this edition of this Code be applied retroactively to existing hydrogen systems.
ASME B16.5-2020
Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: NPS 1/2 through NPS 24, Metric/Inch Standard
ASME has been defining piping safety since 1922. ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 Metric/Inch Standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking, testing, and methods of designating openings for pipe flanges and flanged fittings. Included are: (1) flanges with rating class designations 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, and 1500 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 and flanges with rating class designation 2500 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 12, with requirements given in both metric and U.S. Customary units with diameter of bolts and flange bolt holes expressed in inch units; (2) flanged fittings with rating class designation 150 and 300 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24, with requirements given in both metric and U.S. Customary units with diameter of bolts and flange bolt holes expressed in inch units; (3) flanged fittings with rating class designation 400, 600, 900, and 1500 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 and flanged fittings with rating class designation 2500 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 12 that are acknowledged in Non-Mandatory Appendix E in which only U.S. Customary units are provided. B16.5 is limited to flanges and flanged fittings made from cast or forged materials, and blind flanges and certain reducing flanges made from cast, forged, or plate materials. Also included in this Standard are requirements and recommendations regarding flange bolting, flange gaskets, and flange joints. This Standard is to be used in conjunction with equipment described in other volumes of the ASME B16 Series of Standards as well as with other ASME standards, such as the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and the B31 Piping Codes. Careful application of these B16 Standards will help users to comply with applicable regulations within their jurisdictions, while achieving the operational, cost and safety benefits to be gained from the many industry best-practices detailed within these volumes. Intended for manufacturers, owners, employers, users and others concerned with the specification, buying, maintenance, training and safe use of valves with pressure equipment, plus all potential governing entities.
CSA Z662-2019
Oil and gas pipeline systems
Preface This is the eighth edition of CSA Z662, Oil and gas pipeline systems. It supersedes the previous editions published in 2015, 2011, 2007, 2003, 1999, 1996, and 1994. The following are the most significant changes, relative to the previous edition: a) realignment and removal of duplications with Clause 3 and Annexes A and N; b) consolidation of transition piece requirements from other clauses for consistency and application in non-sour service; c) full rewrite of Annex C on limit states design, to improve safety factors for key limit states including revised segmentation and population density assessment area details; d) segmentation criteria made mandatory in Annex O, revised population density assessment area and a scope extension to include environmental effects of all LVP liquid pipelines; e) revised requirements for threaded auxiliary connections on flanges; f) revised requirements for reuse of materials; g) requirement to have a CGSB Level III review and approve nondestructive inspection procedures; h) rewording of Clause 7 to clarify welding procedure specification qualification tests and weld procedure specifications; i) updated requirements for trenchless installations; j) revisions made to class location assessment areas, class location designations, class location factors, class location changes, and added requirements for designated geographical area; k) terminology alignment between this Standard and CSA Z245 standards; l) changes to the interaction rules in Clause 10.10.2.1 to more accurately reflect industry practices for when corrosion features are considered to be interacting; m) addition of cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) as an acceptable plastic pipe material and PE 80 as an approved material for gas applications; n) increase in temperature limits of certain types of HDPE to 82 °C; o) revision to specify Category 1 mechanical fittings only for PE gas distribution applications; p) rewriting of Annex E to improve general flow and terminology and to remove overlap with other clauses of this Standard; q) restructuring of Annex N to include facilities and improve integration with Clause 3 and Annex A; and r) effective pressure cycle management added to the list of considerations to reduce imperfection failures. The requirements of this Standard are considered to be adequate under conditions normally encountered in the oil and natural gas industry. Specific requirements for abnormal or unusual conditions are not prescribed, nor are all details related to engineering and construction prescribed. It is intended that all work performed within the scope of this Standard meet the standards of safety and integrity expressed or implied herein, and that the requirements of this Standard be applied with due regard to the protection of the environment, which includes land, water, plant life, and animal life. Detailed requirements concerning the protection of the environment are not prescribed. It is expected that changes will be made from time to time, based on new experience and technology. Where necessary, amendments and supplements will be prepared by the Technical Committee and published in accordance with CSA Group practices. This Standard has been developed in compliance with Standards Council of Canada requirements for National Standards of Canada. It has been published as a National Standard of Canada by CSA Group. Scope 1.1 This Standard covers the design, construction, operation, maintenance, deactivation, and abandonment of oil and gas industry pipeline systems that convey a) liquid hydrocarbons, including crude oil, multiphase fluids, condensate, liquid petroleum products, natural gas liquids, and liquefied petroleum gas; b) oilfield water; c) oilfield steam; d) liquid or dense phase carbon dioxide; or e) gas. Notes: 1) Vapour phase carbon dioxide pipeline systems fall under Item e). 2) Designers are cautioned that the requirements in this Standard might not be appropriate for gases other than natural gas, manufactured gas, vapour phase carbon dioxide, and synthetic natural gas. 1.2 The scope of this Standard, as shown in Figures 1.1 and 1.2, includes a) for oil industry fluids, piping and equipment in offshore pipelines, onshore pipelines, tank farms, pump stations, pressure-regulating stations, and measuring stations; b) oil pump stations, pipeline tank farms, and pipeline terminals; c) pipe-type storage vessels; d) carbon dioxide pipelines; e) for gas industry fluids, piping and equipment in offshore pipelines, onshore pipelines, compressor stations, measuring stations, and pressure-regulating stations; f) gas compressor stations; and g) gas storage lines and pipe-type and bottle-type gas storage vessels. 1.3 This Standard does not apply to a) piping with metal temperatures below –70 °C; b) gas piping beyond the outlet of the customer’s meter set assembly (covered by CSA B149.1); c) piping in natural gas liquids extraction plants, gas processing plants (except main gas stream piping in dehydration and all other processing plants installed as part of gas pipeline systems), gas manufacturing plants, industrial plants, and mines; d) oil refineries, terminals other than pipeline terminals, and marketing bulk plants; e) abandoned piping; g) casing, tubing, or pipe in oil or gas wells, wellheads, separators, production tanks, and other production facilities; h) vent piping for waste gases of any kind operating at or near atmospheric pressure; i) heat exchangers; j) liquefied natural gas systems (covered by CSA Z276); k) liquid fuel distribution systems; l) loading/unloading facilities for tankers or barges; m) refuelling facilities; and n) hydrocarbon storage in underground formations and associated equipment (covered by CSA Z341 Series). 1.4 This Standard is intended to establish essential requirements and minimum standards for the design, construction, operation, pipeline system management, and abandonment of oil and gas industry pipeline systems. This Standard is not an application manual for these activities. It is intended to be used by persons competent to make technical judgments in the areas to which this Standard is being applied including engineering, safety, and environmental protection. Note: Where newly developed materials or processes are used, or unusual conditions are encountered, requirements in addition to those specified in this Standard might be needed. 1.5 The requirements of this Standard are applicable to the operation, maintenance, and upgrading of existing installations. It is not intended that such requirements be applied retroactively to existing installations insofar as design, materials, construction, and established operating pressures are concerned, except as required by Clause 10.7.1 for changes in class location and Clause 10.8.1 for crossings of existing pipelines. 1.6 Unless otherwise stated, to determine conformance with the specified requirements, it is intended that observed or calculated values be rounded to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value, in accordance with the rounding method of ASTM E29. 1.7 Where any requirements of this Standard are at variance with the requirements of other publications referenced in this Standard, it is intended that the requirements of this Standard govern. 1.8 It is not the intent of this Standard to prevent the development of new equipment or practices, or to prescribe how such innovations are to be handled. 1.9 In this Standard, "shall" is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard; "should" is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and "may" is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.
ASME B1.20.1-2013 (R2018)
Pipe Threads, General Purpose, Inch
ASME’s widely-referenced B1.20.1 Standard on Pipe Threads, General Purpose, Inch covers dimensions and gaging of the world’s most common pipe threads: NPT, NPSC, NPTR, NPSM, and NPSL. From critical applications demanding robustness and precision to common plumbing and hardware, these threads are used everywhere in the United States and abroad. This long awaited revision incorporates both subtle and substantive changes, including: Moving of the gaging point of reference of external threads in certain circumstances; A new acceptability section for instances of gaging disputes; A change to parameters, facilitating the calibration of working gages; Guidance for plated or coated pipe threads; Better explanatory language for the lay-user. This is the foundational Standard for NPT, NPSC, NPSM, and NPSL pipe threads. All companies that manufacture, sell, or use these threads should have this revision in their technical library.
CGA G-4.4-2020
Oxygen Pipeline and Piping Systems - Sixth edition
The scope of this publication is for metal oxygen pipelines, distribution piping systems, and gaseous oxygen piping on an air separation plant external to the coldbox. The scope is limited to gaseous oxygen with a temperature range between –22 °F and 400 °F (–30 °C and 200 °C), pressures up to 3000 psi (21 MPa), and a dew point of –22 °F (–30 °C) or less depending on local conditions.1, 2 Although it is possible to safely use oxygen at higher temperatures and/or pressures, such applications are beyond the scope of this publication. In these cases, additional materials testing and/or a risk assessment, as appropriate to the application, shall be undertaken.
AWWA M11-2017
Steel Pipe -- A Guide for Design and Installation, Fourth Edition
This manual explains the design, installation, and maintenance of steel water pipe and fittings for potable water service.
ANSI/MSS SP-69-2003
Pipe Hangers and Supports - Selection and Application
This Standard Practice presents the recommended practice for the selection and apptication of pipe hangers and supports for all service temperatures. Contents of this SP have now been incorporated into MSS SP-58-2009; however this SP is still active and available until officially withdrawn
ANSI B11.15-2022
Safety Requirements for Bar, Pipe, Tube and Shape Bending Machines
The requirements of this standard apply to any power-driven machine designed for bending bar, pipe, tube, and shapes by means of bending dies, clamp dies, pressure dies, mandrels, wiper dies, vertical bending punches, radius dies, wing dies, and associated tooling.
ASCE MOP 145-2021
Design of Close-Fit Liners for the Rehabilitation of Gravity Pipes
Prepared by the Pipeline Infrastructure Committee of the Utility Engineering and Surveying Institute of ASCE
Design of Close-Fit Liners for the Rehabilitation of Gravity Pipes, MOP 145, provides a comprehensive source of information on the design of flexible, close-fit linings for the renewal or rehabilitation of pipes designed for gravity flow such as sanitary sewers, culverts, and storm sewers.
Introductory topics discussed include pipe-soil structure interaction, condition assessment and inspection methods, and lining options, but the main focus is on the thickness design of close-fit flexible liners. This design is based on a closed-form solution, which takes into account both the current shape of the host structure as well as the potential imperfections of the liner (annular gap) and of the host structure (cracks or fractures).
The design solutions presented can be used for circular and noncircular geometries such as pipe-arch shapes, egg shapes, elliptical shaped pipes (both horizontal and vertical), box shaped pipes (both rectangular and square), and other, undefined site-specific shapes.
This Manual of Practice covers the thickness design of flexible liners to be installed in a gravity-flow sewer or culvert pipe; the host pipe can be rigid or flexible and be circular or noncircular; the installation method is trenchless and yields a close-fit lining, cured-in-place lining, or fold-and-form lining.
MOP 145 will provide guidance to consulting engineers tasked with designing flexible close-fit liners for rehabilitation of existing gravity pipe applications.
