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Liquids and Fluids Particle Testing Standards

Liquids and Fluids Particle Testing involves the analysis of particles in a liquid. A key component of work dealing with wastewater and water quality, turbidity and sedimentation are important characteristics requiring standardized analysis to track changes and compare samples across locations and laboraties. Additionally, fluids used for lubrication, hydraulics, and fluid circuits in road vehicles are tested for particle content and size, as a form of contamination and performance analysis.

 Insulating Liquids
 Gravitational Liquid Sedimentation
 Centrifugal Liquid Sedimentation
 Turbidity
 Wastewater Sediment
 Water Quality
 Lubricant
 Hydraulic Fluid

Insulating Liquids

ASTM D923-15

Standard Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids

IEC 60970 Ed. 2.0 b:2007

Insulating liquids - Methods for counting and sizing particles

ASTM D6786-15

Standard Test Method for Particle Count in Mineral Insulating Oil Using Automatic Optical Particle Counters

ASTM D7151-15

Standard Test Method for Determination of Elements in Insulating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

Gravitational Liquid Sedimentation

ISO 13317-1:2001

Determination of particle size distribution by gravitational liquid sedimentation methods -- Part 1: General principles and guidelines

ISO 13317-2:2001

Determination of particle size distribution by gravitational liquid sedimentation methods -- Part 2: Fixed pipette method

ISO 13317-3:2001

Determination of particle size distribution by gravitational liquid sedimentation methods -- Part 3: X-ray gravitational technique

ISO 13317-4:2014

Determination of particle size distribution by gravitational liquid sedimentation methods - Part 4: Balance method

Centrifugal Liquid Sedimentation

ISO 13318-1:2001

Determination of particle size distribution by centrifugal liquid sedimentation methods -- Part 1: General principles and guidelines

ISO 13318-2:2007

Determination of particle size distribution by centrifugal liquid sedimentation methods - Part 2: Photocentrifuge method

ISO 13318-3:2004

Determination of particle size distribution by centrifugal liquid sedimentation methods - Part 3: Centrifugal X-ray method

Turbidity

ASTM D7315-17

Standard Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU) in Static Mode

ASTM D7725-17

Standard Test Method for the Continuous Measurement of Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU)

Wastewater Sediment

ISO 11657:2014

Hydrometry - Suspended sediment in streams and canals - Determination of concentration by surrogate techniques

BS EN 14701-2:2013

Characterisation of sludges. Filtration properties. Determination of the specific resistance to filtration (British Standard)

ASTM C1752-21

Standard Guide for Measuring Physical and Rheological Properties of Radioactive Solutions, Slurries, and Sludges

ASTM D4822-88(2019)

Standard Guide for Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments (Manual Methods)

ASTM C1144-89(2011)

Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength for Brittle Nuclear Waste Forms

ASTM D7204-15

Standard Practice for Sampling Waste Streams on Conveyors

ASTM E1611-21

Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids

ASTM E1706-20

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates

BS EN 12457-1:2002

Characterisation of waste. Leaching. Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges. One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg for materials with high solid content and with particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction) (British Standard)

BS EN 12457-2:2002

Characterisation of waste. Leaching. Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges. One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for materials with particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction) (British Standard)

BS EN 12457-3:2002

Characterisation of waste. Leaching. Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges. Two stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg and 8 l/kg for materials with a high solid content and with a particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction) (British Standard)

BS EN 12457-4:2002

Characterisation of waste. Leaching. Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges. One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for materials with particle size below 10 mm (without or with size reduction) (British Standard)

ISO 16240:2005

Water quality - Determination of the genotoxicity of water and waste water - Salmonella/microsome test (Ames test)

ISO 4363:2002

Measurement of liquid flow in open channels - Methods for measurement of characteristics of suspended sediment

ISO 4365:2005

Liquid flow in open channels - Sediment in streams and canals - Determination of concentration, particle size distribution and relative density

Water Quality

AWWA M37-2011

Operational Control Of Coagulation And Filtration Processes, Third Edition

ISO 11885:2007

Water quality - Determination of selected elements by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)

ISO 10705-3:2003

Water quality - Detection and enumeration of bacteriophages - Part 3: Validation of methods for concentration of bacteriophages from water

ISO 15586:2003

Water quality - Determination of trace elements using atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace

ISO 14592-1:2002

Water quality - Evaluation of the aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds at low concentrations - Part 1: Shake-flask batch test with surface water or surface water/sediment suspensions

ISO 8245:1999

Water quality -- Guidelines for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)

ISO 13843:2017

Water quality - Requirements for establishing performance characteristics of quantitative microbiological methods

Lubricant

ASTM D7596-14

Standard Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting and Particle Shape Classification of Oils Using a Direct Imaging Integrated Tester

ASTM D1404/D1404M-99(2019)

Standard Test Method for Estimation of Deleterious Particles in Lubricating Grease

ASTM D5675-13(2018)

Standard Classification for Low Molecular Weight PTFE and FEP Micronized Powders

ASTM D5185-18

Standard Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

ASTM D4055-04(2019)

Standard Test Method for Pentane Insolubles by Membrane Filtration

ASTM D7844-21

Standard Test Method for Condition Monitoring of Soot in In-Service Lubricants by Trend Analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry

ASTM D7690-11(2021)

Standard Practice for Microscopic Characterization of Particles from In-Service Lubricants by Analytical Ferrography

ASTM D7684-11(2020)

Standard Guide for Microscopic Characterization of Particles from In-Service Lubricants

ASTM D7417-17

Standard Test Method for Analysis of In-Service Lubricants Using Particular Four-Part Integrated Tester (Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy, Viscosity, and Laser Particle Counter)

Hydraulic Fluid

SAE AS 4059F-2013 (SAE AS4059F-2013)

Aerospace Fluid Power - Contamination Classification for Hydraulic Fluids

SAE ARP 5376C-2021

Methods, Locations and Criteria for System Sampling and Measuring the Solid Particle Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids

ASTM D7647-10(2018)

Standard Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting of Lubricating and Hydraulic Fluids Using Dilution Techniques to Eliminate the Contribution of Water and Interfering Soft Particles by Light Extinction

ASTM D6595-17

Standard Test Method for Determination of Wear Metals and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils or Used Hydraulic Fluids by Rotating Disc Electrode Atomic Emission Spectrometry

ISO 11171:2020

Hydraulic fluid power - Calibration of automatic particle counters for liquids

ISO 11500:2008

Hydraulic fluid power - Determination of the particulate contamination level of a liquid sample by automatic particle counting using the light-extinction principle

ISO 4407:2002

Hydraulic fluid power - Fluid contamination - Determination of particulate contamination by the counting method using an optical microscope

ISO/TR 16144:2002

Hydraulic fluid power - Calibration of liquid automatic particle counters - Procedures used to certify the standard reference material SRM 2806

ISO 11943:2021

Hydraulic fluid power - Online automatic particle-counting systems for liquids - Methods of calibration and validation

ISO 4406:2021

Hydraulic fluid power - Fluids - Method for coding the level of contamination by solid particles

ISO 5884:2018

Aerospace series - Fluid systems and components - Methods for system sampling and measuring the solid particle contamination in hydraulic fluids

ISO 3938:1986

Hydraulic fluid power -- Contamination analysis -- Method for reporting analysis data

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