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Bolt Materials

These standards from ASME, SAE, ISO, and others address bolts, their quality and construction, and their different forms. This list specifically addresses the quality of the materials that bolts are constructed from.

SAE J 1102-2016

Mechanical and Material Requirements for Wheel Bolts

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SAE J 1102M-2016

Mechanical and Material Requirements for Metric Wheel Bolts

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ASTM A1014/A1014M-16(2021)

Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening Bolting (UNS N07718) for High Temperature Service

1.1 This specification covers precipitation hardening bolting material (UNS N07718) and bolting components for high temperature service. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of "bolting." 1.2 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M . 1.3 Supplementary requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements only apply when specified individually in the purchase order or contract. 1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound and in SI units. However, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. 1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM A193/A193M-20

Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applications

1.1 This specification 2 covers alloy and stainless steel bolting materials and bolting components for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. Bars and wire shall be hot-wrought and may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be carbide solution treated or carbide solution treated and strain-hardened. When strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered, the purchaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly understood. 1.2 Several grades are covered, including ferritic steels and austenitic stainless steels designated B5, B8, and so forth. Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and high temperature characteristics. 1.3 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M . Note 1: The committee formulating this specification has included several steel types that have been rather extensively used for the present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by the committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent. Note 2: For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use at the lower range of high temperature applications, reference should be made to Specification A354 . Note 3: For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use in low temperature applications, reference should be made to Specification A320/A320M . 1.4 Nuts for use with bolting are covered in Section 13 . 1.5 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified in the purchase order or contract. 1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. 1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM A320/A320M-21a

Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low-Temperature Service

1.1 This specification 2 covers alloy steel bolting materials and bolting components for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for low-temperature service. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. The bars shall be hot-wrought and may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be solution annealed or annealed and strain-hardened. When strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered, the purchaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly understood. 1.2 Several grades are covered, including both ferritic and austenitic steels designated L7, B8, etc. Selection will depend on design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and low-temperature characteristics. The mechanical requirements of Table 1 indicate the diameters for which the minimum mechanical properties apply to the various grades and classes, and Table 2 stipulates the requirements for Charpy impact energy absorption. The manufacturer should determine that the material can conform to these requirements before parts are manufactured. For example, when Grade L43 is specified to meet the Table 2 impact energy values at −150 °F [−101 °C], additional restrictions (such as procuring a steel with lower P and S contents than might normally be supplied) in the chemical composition for AISI 4340 are likely to be required. Note 1: The committee formulating this specification has included several grades of material that have been rather extensively used for the present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by the committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent. Users should note that hardenability of some of the grades mentioned may restrict the maximum size at which the required mechanical properties are obtainable. 1.3 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M . 1.4 Nuts for use with bolting are covered in Section 10 and the nut material shall be impact tested. 1.5 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified in the purchase order or contract. 1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI) units, the inch-pound units shall apply. 1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM A394-08(2015)

Standard Specification for Steel Transmission Tower Bolts, Zinc-Coated and Bare

1.1 This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements of hexagon and square-head zinc-coated steel bolts and atmospheric corrosion-resistant bolts, in nominal thread diameters of 1 / 2 , 5 / 8 , 3 / 4 , 7 / 8 and 1 in. for use in the construction of transmission towers, substations, and similar steel structures. 1.2 Annex A1 of this specification covers hot-dip zinc-coated steel ladder bolts, step bolts, and support-equipment bolts. 1.3 Nuts and washers that are supplied under this specification that are hot-dip zinc coated shall be in accordance with 4.4 . 1.4 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 . 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11 , of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM A437/A437M-15(2021)

Standard Specification for Stainless and Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type Bolting Specially Heat Treated for High-Temperature Service

1.1 This specification 2 covers stainless and alloy-steel bolting material and bolting components specially heat treated for high-temperature service, such as steam turbine, gas turbine, and similar uses. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. This material requires special processing and should not be used in general-purpose applications. Bolting furnished as bars shall be hot wrought and may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. 1.2 The high-temperature properties of the bolting materials and components covered by this specification are dependent upon special heat treatment, which is required. Although the high-temperature properties are not specified, they are implied by control of the chemistry, heat treatment, and room-temperature properties of the bolting material. 1.3 Three levels of bolting strength are covered, designated Grades B4B, B4C, and B4D. 1.4 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M . 1.5 Supplementary requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract. 1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. 1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM A453/A453M-17

Standard Specification for High-Temperature Bolting, with Expansion Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless Steels

1.1 This specification 2 covers five grades of bolting materials with twelve classes of yield strength ranging from 50 to 120 ksi [345 to 827 MPa] for use in high-temperature service for bolting components, such as bolts, screws, nuts, or studs, for pressure vessel and valve flanges. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. The material requires special processing and is not intended for general purpose applications. 1.2 The following referenced general requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M . 1.3 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The Supplementary Requirements shall only apply when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract. 1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. 1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM A540/A540M-15(2021)

Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel Bolting for Special Applications

1.1 This specification 2 covers regular and special-quality alloy steel bolting materials and bolting components that may be used for nuclear and other special applications. See Specification A962/A962M for the definition of bolting. 1.2 The following referenced common requirements are indispensable for application of this specification: Specification A962/A962M . 1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. These supplementary requirements only apply when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract. 1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable " M " specification designation (SI units), inch-pound units shall apply. 1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM A962/A962M-19

Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range

1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to carbon, alloy, stainless steel, and nickel alloy bolting under any of the following ASTM Specifications (or under any other ASTM Specifications that invoke this specification or portions thereof): 1.2 In case of conflict, the requirements of the individual product specification shall prevail over those of this specification. 1.3 Fasteners are a wide-ranging classification that includes screws, bolts, nuts, washers, stud bolts, rivets, powder-actuated studs, staples, tacks, and pins. Bolting, which is composed of bolting materials, such as rods, bars, flats, and forgings, which are subsequently manufactured into bolting components, are a special sub-group of fasteners. Bolting materials and components have designated compositions and specific properties intended for applications in aggressive service where commercial generic fasteners may not be suitable or have insufficient fitness for purpose under certain conditions. These conditions include cryogenic or high temperature service, or excessive vibration, impact, or shock. To further address any other special service conditions where bolting is intended for use, additional requirements may be specified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and supplier. 1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements only apply when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract. 1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. Unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units) the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F1554-20

Standard Specification for Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55, and 105-ksi Yield Strength

1.1 This specification covers straight, bent, headed, and headless anchor bolts (also known as anchor rods) made of carbon, medium carbon boron, alloy, or high-strength low-alloy steel. It provides for anchor bolts in three strength grades, two thread classes, and in the diameters specified in Section 4 . The specification also covers all-thread rod for use in anchoring to concrete. References to anchor bolts in this standard do not necessarily exclude all-thread rod. 1.2 Anchor bolts are intended for anchoring structural supports to concrete foundations. Such structural supports include building columns, column supports for highway signs, street lighting and traffic signals, steel bearing plates, and similar applications. 1.3 Supplementary requirements are included to provide for Grade 55 weldable steel, permanent manufacturers and grade identification, and impact properties for Grades 55 and 105. 1.4 Zinc coating requirements are in Section 7 . 1.5 Suitable nuts and washers are listed in 6.7 . Washers are detailed in 6.8 . 1.6 This specification does not cover mechanical expansion anchors, powder-activated nails or studs, or anchor bolts fabricated from deformed bar. 1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F432-19

Standard Specification for Roof and Rock Bolts and Accessories

1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for roof and rock bolts and accessories. Addressed in this specification are double-end threaded bars; fully grouted bolts and threaded bars; mechanical anchorage devices used for point anchorage applications; roof truss systems; partially grouted deformed bolts; bearing plates; cable bolt systems; expandable rock bolts and other frictional anchorage devices. All of these products represent various designs used for ground support systems. This specification can be revised to address new technologies. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This hazard statement applies only to Section 10 , Test Methods of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SAE AS 4108D-2021

T-Bolt and Eye Bolt, A286 CRES, 1000 °F Fatigue Rated

This specification defines the requirements for A286 CRES T-bolts and eye bolts, with room temperature tensile strength of a minimum of 160000 psi, for use with clamps and V-band couplings at 1000 °F maximum ambient temperature.

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SAE AS 7468C-2020

Bolts, Cobalt-Chromium-Nickel Alloy UNS R30035, Tensile Strength 260 ksi, Procurement Specification

This procurement specification covers bolts made from a corrosion resistant, work-strengthened, cobalt-chromium-nickel alloy of the type identified under the Unified Numbering System as UNS R30035.

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SAE AS 7475E-2020

Bolts, Cobalt-Chromium-Nickel Alloy, UNS R30159, Tensile Strength 260 ksi, Procurement Specification

This procurement specification covers bolts made from a corrosion-resistant, work-strengthened, cobalt-chromium-nickel alloy of the type identified under the Unified Numbering System as UNS R30159.

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