Flammable Material Testing Standards
Fire related Material Testing Standards cover test procedures for a range of industries. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), aerospace, building construction materials, insulation, and others all rely on strict material testing procedures. These material testing standards also detail laboratory testing procedures to measure flammability, burning characteristics, heat transfer, lower flammability limit (LFL), lower explosive limit (LEL), and other vital characteristics.
ASTM D1929-20
Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics
1.1 This fire test response test method 2 covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 Caution During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that have the potential to be hazardous to personnel. 1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.3 and 1.4 . Note 1: This test method and ISO 871-1996 are similar in all technical details. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
IEC/TS 60695-11-21 Ed. 1.0 b:2005
Fire hazard testing - Part 11-21: Test flames - 500 W vertical flame test method for tubular polymeric materials
Describes a small-scale laboratory procedure for determining the comparative burning characteristics of tubular polymeric materials. A flame is applied to test specimens held in a vertical position, supported by a wire or mandrel. Upon removal of the test flame, the extinguishing times and the burning characteristics are determined. This test method can be used to compare the burning characteristics of tubular polymeric materials. This test method shall not be used to compare the burning characteristics of any wire or cable products or any cable management systems. This test method can be used to compare the relative performance of materials, to aid in material selection, for quality control purposes and for quality assurance. Has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.
IEC 60695-2-12 Ed. 2.1 b:2014
Fire hazard testing - Part 2-12: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods- Glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for materials
IEC 60695-2-12:2010+A1:2014 specifies the details of the glow-wire test to be applied to test specimens of solid electrical insulating materials or other solid materials for flammability testing to determine the glow-wire flammability index (GWFI). GWFI is the highest temperature, determined during this standardized procedure, at which the tested material; does not ignite or, if it does, extinguishes within 30 s after removal of the glow-wire and is not totally consumed, and molten drips, if they occur, do not ignite the wrapping tissue. This standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-2-10 and IEC 60695-2-13. This second edition includes the following significant technical changes from the previous edition: - modified title; - addition of an Introduction; - clarification of Scope; - expansion of Clause 2: Normative references; - definitions added to Clause 3; - revision of Clause 4 to alignment with the IEC 60695-11 series to introduce guidance on test programs for material variations; - clarification of Clause 8: Conditioning (now Clause 7); - deletion of Clause 9 "Initial measurements"; - expansion of Clause 10: Test procedures (now Clause 8); - expansion of Clause 11: Observation and measurement (now Clause 9); - clarification of Clause 12: Evaluation of test results (now Clause 10); - expansion of Clause 13: Test report (now Clause 11). This standard has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60695-2-10:2000 and IEC 60695-2-13:2010 . This consolidated version consists of the second edition (2010) and its amendment 1 (2014). Therefore, no need to order amendment in addition to this publication.
IEC 60695-2-13 Ed. 2.1 b:2014
Fire hazard testing - Part 2-13: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods- Glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) test method for materials
IEC 60695-2-13:2010+A1:2014 specifies the details of the glow-wire test to be applied to test specimens of solid electrical insulating materials or other solid materials for ignitability testing to determine the glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT). The GWIT is the temperature which is 25 K (or 30 K) higher than the maximum test temperature, determined during this standardized procedure, at which the tested material does not ignite, or if sustained and continuous flaming combustion does not occur for a time longer than 5 s for any single flame event and the specimen is not totally consumed. This second edition of IEC 60695-2-13 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2000. It also constitutes a technical revision. The main changes with respect to the previous edition are: - modified title; - addition of an Introduction; - clarification of Scope; - expansion of Clause 2: Normative references; - expansion of Clause 3; - revision of Clause 4 to alignment with the IEC 60695-11 series to introduce guidance on test programs for material variations; - clarification of Clause 8: Conditioning (now Clause 7); - deletion of Clause 9: Initial measurement; - expansion of Clause 10: Test procedures (now Clause 8); - expansion of Clause 11: Observation and measurement (now Clause 9); - clarification of Clause 12: Evaluation of test results (now Clause 10); - expansion of Clause 13: Test report (now Clause 11). This standard has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60695-2-10:2000 . This consolidated version consists of the second edition (2010) and its amendment 1 (2014). Therefore, no need to order amendment in addition to this publication.
SAE AS 5127/2C-2020
Test Method for Aerospace Firewall Sealant Flame Penetration
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) describes the test methods to determine the flammability performance and capability to control the passage of, and effects from, fire on aircraft firewall sealing compounds. The methods are based requirements of FAR Part 25 Sections 25.865, 25.867, 25.1191, and 25.1193 and may be used to demonstrate compliance with the requirements established by FAA AC 20-135. This standard shall be used in conjunction with applicable material specifications.
ASTM D3675-21a
Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of Flexible Cellular Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
1.1 This is a fire test response standard. 1.2 This test method describes the measurement of surface flammability of flexible cellular materials. 1.3 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not, by itself, incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. 1.6 Specific information about hazards is given in Section 7 . Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units, in parentheses, are for information only and are approximations (see also IEEE/ASTM SI-10 ). 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D5048-20a
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics and Resistance to Burn-Through of Solid Plastics Using a 125-mm Flame
1.1 This fire-test-response standard contains a test method for small-scale laboratory procedures to be used to determine the relative burning characteristics and the resistance to burn-through of plastics using small bar and plaque specimens exposed to a 125-mm (500-W nominal) flame. 1.1.1 Use Test Method D3801 for assessing comparative burning characteristics of solid plastics in a vertical position. Note 1: This test method is equivalent to IEC 60695-11-20 and UL 94 (Section 9). 1.2 The results are intended to serve as a preliminary indication of their acceptability with respect to flammability for a particular application. The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its use in the end-product that conforms with the standards applicable to such end-product. 1.3 The classification system described in Appendix X1 is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of component materials for products. 1.4 If found to be appropriate, it is suitable to apply the requirements to other nonmetallic materials. Such application is outside the scope of this technical committee. 1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. 1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 6.1.1 for a specific hazard statement. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D635-18
Standard Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal Position
1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing the relative linear rate of burning or extent and time of burning, or both, of plastics in the form of bars, molded or cut from sheets, plates, or panels, and tested in the horizontal position. Note 1: This test method, and test method A of IEC 60695-11-10 are technically equivalent. Note 2: For additional information on materials which do not burn to the first reference mark by this test, see Test Method D3801 . 1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materials used for parts in devices and appliances. The results are intended to serve as a preliminary indication of their acceptability with respect to flammability for a particular application. The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its use in complete equipment that conforms with the standard applicable to such equipment. 1.3 The classification system described in Appendix X1 is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of component materials for products. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 9.2. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D7016/D7016M-20
Standard Test Method to Evaluate Edge Binding Components Used in Mattresses After Exposure to An Open Flame
1.1 This test method measures the flammability characteristics of mattress edge bindings and sewing threads during and after exposure to an open flame ignition source. 1.1.1 This test method is used to evaluate these components either independently or in combination for use in mattresses designed with a fire barrier fabric. 1.1.1.1 The test method is used to evaluate mattress edge binding and sewing thread when the design requires the use of these components. 1.1.2 This test method can be used as a screening test method to determine how sewing thread and mattress edge binding component combinations will perform. 1.2 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.3 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D350-21
Standard Test Methods for Flexible Treated Sleeving Used for Electrical Insulation
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing electrical insulating sleeving comprising a flexible tubular product made from a woven textile fibre base, such as cotton, rayon, nylon, or glass, thereafter impregnated, or coated, or impregnated and coated, with a suitable dielectric material. 1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections: 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units, except for °C, are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This is a fire-test-response standard. See Test Methods D8355 , which contains procedures for flammability tests. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 40.2 and 58.1.1 . Note 1: This standard resembles IEC 60684-2, Specification for Flexible Insulating Sleeving—Part 2 Methods of Test, in a number of ways, but is not consistently similar throughout. The data obtained using either standard are not necessarily technically equivalent. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D7309-21b
Standard Test Method for Determining Flammability Characteristics of Plastics and Other Solid Materials Using Microscale Combustion Calorimetry
1.1 This test method, which is similar to thermal analysis techniques, establishes a procedure for determining flammability characteristics of combustible materials such as plastics. 1.2 The test is conducted in a laboratory environment using controlled heating of milligram specimens and complete thermal oxidation of the specimen gases. 1.3 Specimens of known mass are thermally decomposed in an oxygen-free (anaerobic) or oxidizing (aerobic) environment at a constant heating rate between 0.2 and 2 K/s. 1.4 The heat released by the specimen is determined from the mass of oxygen consumed to completely oxidize (combust) the specimen gases. 1.5 The rate of heat released by combustion of the specimen gases produced during controlled thermal or thermoxidative decomposition of the specimen is computed from the rate of oxygen consumption. 1.6 The specimen temperatures over which combustion heat is released are measured. 1.7 The mass of specimen remaining after the test is measured and used to compute the residual mass fraction. 1.8 The specimen shall be a material or composite material in any form (fiber, film, powder, pellet, droplet). This test method has been developed to facilitate material development and research. 1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method. 1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM E162-21
Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes the measurement of surface flammability of materials. It is not intended for use as a basis of ratings for building code purposes (see Appendix X1 ). 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. Specific information about hazard is given in Section . Note 1: There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM E2058-19
Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Material Flammability Using a Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA)
1.1 This fire-test-response standard determines and quantifies material flammability characteristics, related to the propensity of materials to support fire propagation, by means of a fire propagation apparatus (FPA). Material flammability characteristics that are quantified include time to ignition ( t ign ), chemical ( Q chem ), and convective ( Q c ) heat release rates, mass loss rate ( m ) and effective heat of combustion (EHC). 1.2 The following test methods, capable of being performed separately and independently, are included herein: 1.2.1 Ignition Test, to determine t ign for a horizontal specimen; 1.2.2 Combustion Test, to determine Q chem , Q c , m , and EHC from burning of a horizontal specimen; and, 1.2.3 Fire Propagation Test, to determine Q chem from burning of a vertical specimen. 1.3 Distinguishing features of the FPA include tungsten-quartz external, isolated heaters to provide a radiant flux of up to 110 kW/m 2 to the test specimen, which remains constant whether the surface regresses or expands; provision for combustion or upward fire propagation in prescribed flows of normal air, air enriched with up to 40 % oxygen, air oxygen vitiated, pure nitrogen or mixtures of gaseous suppression agents with the preceding air mixtures; and, the capability of measuring heat release rates and exhaust product flows generated during upward fire propagation on a vertical test specimen 0.305 m high. 1.4 The FPA is used to evaluate the flammability of materials and products. It is also designed to obtain the transient response of such materials and products to prescribed heat fluxes in specified inert or oxidizing environments and to obtain laboratory measurements of generation rates of fire products (CO 2 , CO, and, if desired, gaseous hydrocarbons) for use in fire safety engineering. 1.5 Ignition of the specimen is by means of a pilot flame at a prescribed location with respect to the specimen surface. 1.6 The Fire Propagation test of vertical specimens is not suitable for materials that, on heating, melt sufficiently to form a liquid pool. 1.7 Values stated are in SI units. Values in parentheses are for information only. 1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7 . 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D5306-92(2018)
Standard Test Method for Linear Flame Propagation Rate of Lubricating Oils and Hydraulic Fluids
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linear flame propagation rates of lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids supported on the surfaces of and impregnated into ceramic fiber media. Data thus generated are to be used for the comparison of relative flammability. 1.2 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of fire risk which takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D3065-01(2013)
Standard Test Methods for Flammability of Aerosol Products
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of flammability hazards for aerosol products. 1.2 These test methods appear in the following order: Section Flame Projection Test 4 to 7 Closed Drum Test 8 to 10 1.3 These test methods should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ASTM D1037-12(2020)
Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
1.1 Part A General Test Methods for Evaluating the Basic Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials These test methods cover the determination of the properties of wood-base fiber and particle panel materials that are produced as mat-formed panels such as particleboard, medium-density fiberboard, hardboard, and oriented strand board. 1.2 Part B Acceptance and Specification Test Methods for Hardboard The methods for Part B provide test procedures for measuring the following properties of hardboard: 1.3 There are accepted basic test procedures for various fundamental properties of materials that may be used without modification for evaluating certain properties of wood-based fiber and particle panel materials. These test methods are included elsewhere in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards . The pertinent ones are listed in Table 1 . A few of the test methods referenced are for construction where the wood-base materials often are used. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI equivalents are approximate in many cases. 1 in. = 25.4 mm, 1 lbf = 4.45 N. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM E1232-07(2019)
Standard Test Method for Temperature Limit of Flammability of Chemicals
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the minimum temperature at which vapors in equilibrium with a liquid (or solid) chemical will be sufficiently concentrated to form flammable mixtures in air at atmospheric pressure. This test method is written specifically for determination of the temperature limit of flammability of systems using air as the source of oxidant and diluent. It may also be used for other oxidant/diluent combinations, including air plus diluent mixtures; however, no oxidant/diluent combination stronger than air should be used. Also, no unstable chemical capable of explosive decomposition reactions should be tested (see 8.3 ). 1.2 This test method is designed and written to be run at local ambient pressure and is limited to a maximum initial pressure of 1 atm abs. It may also be used for reduced pressures with the practical lower pressure limit being approximately 13.3 kPa (100 mm Hg). The maximum practical operating temperature of this equipment is approximately 150 C (302 F) ( Note A1.2 ). 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions, and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 8 . 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM E582-21
Standard Test Method for Minimum Ignition Energy and Quenching Distance in Gaseous Mixtures
1.1 This test method covers the determination of minimum energy for ignition (initiation of deflagration) and associated flat-plate ignition quenching distances. 2 The complete description is specific to alkane or alkene fuels admixed with air at normal ambient temperature and pressure. This method is applicable to mixtures of the specified fuels with air, varying from the most easily ignitable mixture to mixtures near to, in theory, the limit-of-flammability compositions. Note 1: The test apparatus described in Section 4 is not suitable for near limit mixtures. Near limit mixtures require a much larger test volume (that is, reaction vessel), and the capability for producing much larger spark energies. 1.2 Extensions to other fuel-oxidizer combinations, and to other temperatures and pressures can be accomplished with all the accuracy inherent in this method if certain additional conditions are met: ( a ) mixture stability and compatibility with bomb, seal, and other materials is established through time tests described in Section 9 ; ( b ) the expected peak pressure from the test is within the pressure rating of the bomb (established as required by the particular research laboratory); ( c ) spark breakdown within the bomb is consistent with Paschen's law for the distance being tested; ( d ) the temperature, including that of the discharge electrodes, is uniform; and ( e ) if the temperature is other than ambient, the energy storage capacitance required is less than about 9 pF. 1.3 This method is one of several being developed by Committee E27 for determining the hazards of chemicals, including their vapors in air or other oxidant atmospheres. The measurements are useful in assessing fuel ignitability hazards due to static or other electrical sparks. However, the quenching distance data must be used with great prudence since they are primarily applicable to the ignition stage and therefore, represent values for initial pressure and not the smaller values existing at higher pressures. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are listed in Section 5 . 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D5319-17
Standard Specification for Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polyester Wall and Ceiling Panels
This specification covers the classification, materials of construction, workmanship, physical requirements, and methods of testing glass-fiber-reinforced polyester composite wall and ceiling panels intended for use in light construction and semi-structural applications. The panels shall be divided into four classifications based on relative response to the laboratory flammability: Class A; Class B; Class C; and Class D. These classifications may be further subdivided into grades based on nominal thickness when tested: Grade 1; Grade 2; Grade 3; Grade 4; Grade 5; Grade 6; and Grade 7. The polyester resin used in the composite shall be a thermosetting polyester resin with cross-linking monomers composed of polymeric esters in which the recurring ester groups are an integral part of the main polymer chain. The resin shall be reinforced with glass fibers. Conditioning; length and width; squareness; thickness; camber; color; impact resistance; and burning characteristics tests shall be performed to conform to the requirements specified.
ISO 12136:2011
Reaction to fire tests - Measurement of material properties using a fire propagation apparatus
ISO 12136:2011 determines and quantifies the flammability characteristics of materials, in relation to their propensity to support fire propagation, by means of a fire propagation apparatus (FPA). Material flammability characteristics that are quantified in ISO 12136:2011 include time to ignition, chemical and convective heat release rates, mass loss rate, effective heat of combustion, heat of gasification and smoke yield. These properties can be used for fire safety engineering and for fire modelling.
ISO 12949:2011
Standard test method for measuring the heat release rate of low flammability mattresses and mattress sets
ISO 12949:2011 provides a full-scale test method for determining the heat release rate and total heat release from a mattress or a mattress and foundation. The test specimen is ignited by exposure to a pair of gas burners that simulate burning bedclothes. The measurement capability is designed for mattress sets of low flammability, i.e. having a peak rate of heat release below 300 kW. ISO 12949:2011 applies to mattresses and mattress and foundation sets. ISO 12949:2011 does not apply to mattress pads, pillows, blankets, or other items used on top of a mattress. ISO 12949:2011 is a performance standard and does not prescribe the use of any specific components, fire retardant chemicals, or materials, and does not prescribe any design features that might lead to improved or degraded performance of a mattress set.
ASTM D2859-16(2021)
Standard Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor Covering Materials
1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a test method for the determination of the flammability of finished textile floor covering materials when exposed to an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions. 1.1.1 Carpets and rugs offered for sale in the United States are required by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) to comply with the test methods in 16 CFR 1630 or 16 CFR 1631, as appropriate. 1.1.2 This test method is similar but not identical to the test methods contained in 16 CFR 1630 and CFR 1631 and issued by CPSC. If compliance with one of the CPSC test methods is required, this test method does not ensure regulatory compliance. 1.2 This test method is applicable to all types of textile floor coverings, regardless of the method of fabrication or whether they are made from natural or man-made fibers. It is possible to apply this test method to unfinished material; however, the results of such a test shall not be considered a satisfactory evaluation of a textile floor covering material for ultimate consumer use. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.5 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests 1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM E918-19
Standard Practice for Determining Limits of Flammability of Chemicals at Elevated Temperature and Pressure
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the lower and upper concentration limits of flammability of combustible vapor-oxidant mixtures at temperatures up to 200 C and initial pressures up to as much as 1.38 MPa (200 psia). This practice is limited to mixtures which would have explosion pressures less than 13.79 MPa (2000 psia). 1.2 This practice should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D1230-17
Standard Test Method for Flammability of Apparel Textiles
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the flammability of textile fabrics as they reach the consumer for apparel items other than children's sleepwear or protective clothing. 1.2 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.3 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard; inch-pound units are provided for information only. 1.5 This test method does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D3801-19
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical Position
1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers a small-scale laboratory procedure for determining comparative burning characteristics of solid-plastic material, using a 20-mm (50W) premixed flame applied to the base of specimens held in a vertical position. Note 1: This test method and the 20 mm (50W) Vertical Burning Test (V-0, V-1, or V-2) of ANSI/UL 94 are equivalent. Note 2: This test method and Test Method B of IEC 60695 11 10 are equivalent. IEC 60695 11 10 has replaced ISO 1210. Note 3: For additional information on materials that burn up to the holding clamp by this test method, see Test Method D635 . For test methods of flexible plastics in the form of thin sheets and film, see Test Method D4804 . For additional information on comparative burning characteristics and resistance to burn-through, see Test Method D5048 . 1.2 This test method was developed for polymeric materials used for parts in devices and appliances. The results are intended to serve as a preliminary indication of their acceptability with respect to flammability for a particular application. The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its use in complete equipment that conforms with the standards applicable to such equipment. 1.3 The classification system described in the appendix is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of component materials for products. 1.4 It is possible that this test is applicable to nonmetallic materials other than plastics. Such application is outside the scope of this technical committee. 1.5 This test method does not cover plastics when used for building construction, finishing or contents such as wall and floor coverings, furnishings, decorative objects etc. In addition, the fire resistance (in terms of an hourly rating), flame spread, smoke characterization and heat release rate are not evaluated by this test. Other fire tests exist and shall be used to evaluate the flammability of materials in these intended end use product configuration. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D4151-18
Standard Test Method for Flammability of Blankets
1.1 This test method provides a means to identify blanket fabrics which ignite easily and propagate flame across the surface. 1.2 This test method specifies the procedures described in the Voluntary Blanket Flammability Standard which has been used by the blanket industry in the United States since 1972. 1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions. Note 1: This test method is not identical to 16 CFR Part 1610, Flammability of Clothing Textiles. Consumer Product Safety Commission regulations require that fabrics introduced into commerce meet the requirements of 16 CFR Part 1610. 1.4 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D6545-18
Standard Test Method for Flammability of Textiles Used in Children's Sleepwear
1.1 This test method evaluates the relative flammability of textiles and garments intended for use in children's sleepwear. The procedures of this test method follow testing and laundering procedures used to evaluate the flammability of children's sleepwear contained in U.S. Federal Regulations 16 CFR 1615 and 1616. 1.2 A textile used in children's sleepwear must be tested in its original state and after 50 laundering and drying cycles to assess the flame resistance of the textile relative to its use life. 1.3 This method is identical to the method outlined in the regulations 16 CFR 1615 or 1616. The regulation includes additional information such as sampling plans, record keeping requirements, and interpretations for compliance applicable to children s sleepwear. Please consult 16 CFR 1615 and 1616 for these operations and interpretations. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard; inch-pound units are provided for information only. 1.5 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.6 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental health practices and determines the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is found in 8.5 and 9.5 . 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM E1740-20a
Standard Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate and Other Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Wall Covering or Ceiling Covering Composites Using a Cone Calorimeter
1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers determination of the ignitability and heat release rate of composites consisting of a wall covering or ceiling covering, a substrate, and all laminating adhesives, coatings, and finishes. Heat release information cannot be used alone to evaluate the flammability of wall coverings or ceiling coverings. The data are intended to be used for modeling or with other data to evaluate a material. 1.2 This test method provides for measurement of the time to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat release, and effective heat of combustion at a constant initial test heat flux of 35 kW/m 2 . Heat release data at different heat fluxes are also obtained by this test method. The specimen is oriented horizontally, and a spark ignition source is used. 1.3 The fire-test-response characteristics are determined using the apparatus and procedures described in Test Method E1354 . 1.4 The tests are conducted on bench-scale specimens combining the components used in the actual installation. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI-10 . 1.6 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be used in conducting these tests. This test method potentially involves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. 1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.8 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. Specific information about hazard is given in Section 6 . 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM F1534-16
Standard Test Method for Determining Changes in Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Cushioning Materials After Water Leaching
1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers a procedure for leaching cushioning materials with water and determining changes in two specific fire-test-response characteristics: ( 1 ) the surface flammability, in accordance with Test Method D3675 , and ( 2 ) the specific optical density of smoke generated, in accordance with Test Method E662 . 1.2 In view of the wide variation in potential service conditions, it is likely that results of this leaching test will not give a direct correlation with service performance for all applications. However, the test method yields comparative data on which to base judgments as to expected service of cushioning materials and is useful in research and development work. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7 . 1.6 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
ASTM D6668-21
Standard Test Method for Discrimination Between Flammability Ratings of F = 0
1.1 This test method covers a means for the discrimination between solid and liquid materials which will not burn in air when exposed to a temperature of 1500 °F (815.5 °C) for a period of 5 min and those which will ignite and burn under the same conditions. 1.2 This test method may be applied to any substance which is a solid or liquid at ambient temperature and pressure. 1.3 The purpose of this test method is to provide a means for the classification of the flammability hazard of materials of hazard degrees ( F =0) and ( F =1) or both, in accordance with the definitions of degrees of flammability hazard as defined by NFPA 704 (par. 3.2.1). 1.4 This test method should be used subject to the limitations that no single fire hazard property such as flash point, ignition temperature, or the performance under the conditions of the present method shall be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of a material, product, assembly or system under actual fire conditions. Fire hazard properties measured under controlled laboratory conditions may, nevertheless, be employed to describe properly the response of materials, products, assemblies or systems under said controlled conditions. Properties measured under controlled laboratory conditions may be used as elements of hazard or risk assessment only when such assessment takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to the evolution of the fire hazard of a given situation. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.6 This standard is used to predict or provide a quantitative measure of the fire hazard from a specified set of fire conditions involving specific materials, products, or assemblies. This assessment does not necessarily predict the hazard of actual fires which involve conditions other than those assumed in the analysis. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM E681-09(2015)
Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the lower and upper concentration limits of flammability of chemicals having sufficient vapor pressure to form flammable mixtures in air at atmospheric pressure at the test temperature. This test method may be used to determine these limits in the presence of inert dilution gases. No oxidant stronger than air should be used. 1.2 This test method is based on electrical ignition and visual observations of flame propagation. Users may experience problems if the flames are difficult to observe (for example, irregular propagation or insufficient luminescence in the visible spectrum), if the test material requires large ignition energy, or if the material has large quenching distances. 1.3 Annex A1 provides a modified test method for materials (such as certain amines, halogenated materials, and the like) with large quenching distances which may be difficult to ignite. 1.4 In other situations where strong ignition sources (such as direct flame ignition) is considered credible, the use of a test method employing higher energy ignition source in a sufficiently large pressure chamber (analogous, for example, to the methods in Test Method E2079 for measuring limiting oxygen concentration) may be more appropriate. In this case, expert advice may be necessary.
ASTM F1358/F1358M-20
Standard Test Method for Effects of Flame Impingement on Materials Used in Protective Clothing Not Designated Primarily for Flame Resistance
1.1 This test method establishes a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing the ignition resistance and burning characteristics of materials used in protective clothing where flame resistance is not the primary form of protection provided by the clothing. 1.1.1 This test method shall not be used in applications where flame resistance is the primary form of protection offered by the protective clothing. Other flammability test methods are more appropriate for those materials. 1.1.2 This test method provides a means for comparing ease of ignition and burning behavior of materials which include plastic or elastomeric films, coated fabrics, flexible laminates, multilayer material systems, or other protective clothing materials that are not designated for offering flame resistance as their primary form of protection. 1.2 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.3 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. 1.4 The values stated in SI units or other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM F2701-08
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Heat Transfer through Materials for Protective Clothing Upon Contact with a Hot Liquid Splash
1.1 This test method is used to measure the heat energy transmission through materials used in protective clothing and gloves that are exposed to a Hot Liquid Splash. This test method is applicable to woven fabrics, knit fabrics, battings, and sheet structures with permeable or impermeable coatings or laminations intended for use as clothing or gloves for protection against brief exposures to hot liquid splash hazards. 1.2 This test method is used to measure and describe the properties of materials or assemblies of materials in response to hot liquids under controlled laboratory conditions. 1.3 This test method is applicable to materials from which finished protective apparel articles are made. 1.4 This test method is limited to the hot liquid temperatures that are 40 C (72 F) below the flash point of the specific hot liquid used for testing. Note 1 Specific thermally stable silicone liquids are available with flash points in the range of 315 C (599 F). When these thermally stable silicone liquids are used, a maximum hot liquid temperature of 260 C (500 F) is achievable. The intent of specifying the maximum temperature at 40 C (72 F) below the liquid flash point is to reduce the hot liquid fire hazard which increases significantly at temperatures equal to or above the flash point of the liquid. 1.5 This test method does not measure the flammability of materials, nor is it intended for use in evaluating materials exposed to any other thermal exposure other than hot liquid exposures. 1.6 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.
ASTM F955-15(2021)
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Heat Transfer Through Materials for Protective Clothing Upon Contact with Molten Substances
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of materials' thermal resistance to heat transfer when exposed to a molten substance pour. 1.1.1 This test method was validated using molten substances of aluminum, brass, and iron. The test shall be permitted to be adapted for use with other substances. 1.2 This test method is applicable to materials from which finished primary protective apparel articles are made. 1.3 This test method does not measure the flammability of materials, nor is it intended for use in evaluating materials exposed to any other thermal exposure. 1.4 Use this test method to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to molten substance pour under controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the thermal hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual conditions. However, it is acceptable to use results of this test as elements of a thermal risk assessment which takes into account all the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the thermal hazard of a particular end use. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8 . 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM E1515-14
Standard Test Method for Minimum Explosible Concentration of Combustible Dusts
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the minimum concentration of a dust-air mixture that will propagate a deflagration in a near-spherical closed vessel of 20 L or greater volume. Note 1: The minimum explosible concentration (MEC) is also referred to as the lower explosibility limit (LEL) or lean flammability limit (LFL). 1.2 Data obtained from this test method provide a relative measure of the deflagration characteristics of dust clouds. 1.3 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8 .
ISO 14697:2007
Reaction-to-fire tests - Guidance on the choice of substrates for building and transport products
ISO 14697:2007 gives guidance on the choice of substrates for building and transport products, when required, for use in reaction to fire tests. ISO 14697:2007 is applicable to those building and transport products that are produced and used in combination with other materials; for example, wall-coverings are adhered to many different substrates that vary in their thickness, density, thermal conductivity and flammability characteristics.
ASTM E69-15
Standard Test Method for Combustible Properties of Treated Wood by the Fire-Tube Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers fire-tube test procedures for fire tests for combustible properties of wood treated to reduce flammability. This test method relates to properties of treated wood, as such, rather than to the performance of a fabrication used as an element of construction. Performance under this test method shall be as prescribed in requirements applicable to materials intended for specific uses. 1.2 This test method is a fire-test-response standard. 1.3 The SI values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only. 1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
ISO 14624-1:2003
Space systems - Safety and compatibility of materials - Part 1: Determination of upward flammability of materials
ISO 14624-1:2003 specifies a method for the determination of the flammability of aerospace materials by upward flame propagation. Specifically, this test determines if a material, when exposed to a standard ignition source, will self-extinguish and not transfer burning debris to adjacent materials which can be ignited by such debris.
ISO 14624-2:2003
Space systems - Safety and compatibility of materials - Part 2: Determination of flammability of electrical-wire insulation and accessory materials
ISO 14624-2:2003 specifies two test methods for determining the flammability of electrical-wire insulation and accessory materials by exposure to an external ignition source in a static environment (Test A) and in a gas-flow environment (Test B).
ISO 14624-4:2003
Space systems - Safety and compatibility of materials - Part 4: Determination of upward flammability of materials in pressurized gaseous oxygen or oxygen-enriched environments
ISO 14624-4:2003 specifies a test method for determining the flammability of aerospace materials in pressurized gaseous oxygen (GOX) and oxygen-enriched environments, at ambient temperature. This method may also be used to provide supplementary information by testing at pressures other than the intended use pressure. The standard pressure range for this test method is from ambient to 69 000 kPa.
ISO/IEC 7810:2019
Identification cards - Physical characteristics
This document describes the characteristics for identification cards and the use of such cards for international interchange. This document specifies the physical characteristics of identification cards including card materials, construction, characteristics and dimensions for four sizes of cards. ISO/IEC 10373 1 and ISO/IEC 24789 2 specify the test procedures used to check cards against the parameters specified in this document. This document specifies the requirements for cards and card interface devices used for identification. It takes into consideration both human and machine aspects and states minimum requirements. It is the purpose of this document to provide criteria for the performance of cards. No consideration is given within this document to the amount of use, if any, experienced by the card prior to test. NOTE 1 Numeric values in the SI and/or Imperial measurement system in this document have been rounded off and therefore are consistent with, but not exactly equal to, each other. Either system can be used, but intermixing or reconverting the two can result in errors. The original design was made using the Imperial measurement system. NOTE 2 Thin flexible cards are not within the scope of this document (see the ISO/IEC 15457 series).
ISO 4589-2:2017
Plastics - Determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index - Part 2: Ambient-temperature test
ISO 4589-2:2017 specifies methods for determining the minimum volume fraction of oxygen, in admixture with nitrogen, that will support combustion of small vertical test specimens under specified test conditions. The results are defined as oxygen index (OI) values. Methods are provided for testing materials that are self-supporting in the form of vertical bars or sheets up to 10,5 mm thick. These methods are suitable for solid, laminated or cellular materials characterized by an apparent density 100 kg/m 3 or greater. The methods might also be applicable to some cellular materials having an apparent density of less than 100 kg/m 3 . A method is provided for testing flexible sheets or film materials while supported vertically. For comparative purposes, a procedure is provided for determining whether or not the OI of a material lies above some specified minimum value.
NFPA 290-2018
NFPA 290 Standard for Fire Testing of Passive Protection Materials for Use on LP-Gas Containers, 2018 edition
This standard provides a test method to determine the fire resistance of passive fire protection (PFP) materials applied to the exterior of LP-Gas containers. It is intended to identify insulation systems that retard or prevent the release of the container's contents in a fire environment.
NFPA 265-2019
NFPA 265 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile or Expanded Vinyl Wall Coverings on Full Height Panels and Walls, 2019 edition
This standard describes a test method for determining the contribution of textile or expanded vinyl wall coverings to room fire growth during specified fire exposure conditions. This test method shall be used to evaluate the flammability characteristics of textile or expanded vinyl wall coverings where such materials constitute the exposed interior surfaces of buildings and demountable, relocatable, full height partitions used in open building interiors. This test method shall not be used to evaluate the fire resistance of assemblies, nor shall it be used to evaluate the effect of fires originating within a wall assembly. This test method shall not be used for the evaluation of floor or ceiling finishes. This test method shall not apply to fabric-covered, lower-than-ceiling-height, freestanding, prefabricated panel furniture systems. This test method shall measure certain fire performance characteristics of textile or expanded vinyl wall covering materials in an enclosure under specified fire exposure conditions. This test method shall determine the potential extent to which the textile or expanded vinyl wall covering materials contribute to fire growth in a room and the potential for fire spread beyond the room under the particular conditions simulated.
NFPA 286-2019
NFPA 286 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Contribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire Growth , 2019 edition
This standard describes a method for determining the contribution of interior finish materials to room fire growth during specified fire exposure conditions. This method is intended for the evaluation of the flammability characteristics of wall and ceiling interior finish, where such materials constitute the exposed interior surfaces of buildings. This fire test method is not intended for the evaluation of fire resistance of assemblies, nor is it intended for the evaluation of the effect of fires that originate within a wall assembly. This standard specifies three types of specimen mounting, depending on the application of the interior finish material, as follows: (1) Three walls (for interior finish to be used on walls only) (2) Three walls and the ceiling (for interior finish to be used on walls and ceilings) (3) The ceiling alone (for interior finish to be used on ceilings only) This method of test measures certain fire performance characteristics of interior finish materials in an enclosure under specified fire exposure conditions. This method of test determines the potential extent to which the interior finish materials contribute to fire growth in a room, including the heat and smoke released, the combustion products released, and the potential for fire spread beyond the room, under the particular conditions simulated. The method of test provides the following: (1) Extent of fire growth in the fire test room (2) Rate of heat release by the specimen (3) Total heat released by the specimen (4) Time to flashover in the fire test room if flashover occurs (5) Time to flame extension beyond the doorway of the fire test room if flame extension occurs (6) Total heat flux incident to the floor of the fire test room (7) Upper level gas temperature in the fire test room (8) Smoke obscuration, as determined in the exhaust duct (9) Production of carbon monoxide, as determined in the exhaust duct (10) Emissions of other combustion gases, as determined in the exhaust duct This method does not provide data that can be generalized to apply to rooms or spaces of different shapes, sizes, and ventilation. The performance observed in the test is based on the test conditions. If a test specimen is exposed to a different environment, as in an actual fire, the performance of the specimen can be different. The method of test does not provide the following: (1) Full information concerning toxicity of combustion gases (2) Fire resistance of wall–ceiling systems
NFPA 287-2022
Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Flammability of Materials in Cleanrooms Using a Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA)
This standard helps in evaluating the suitability of materials containing polymers that are used in cleanroom applications by using a fire propagation apparatus to determine the propensity of these materials to support fire propagation, as well as other flammability characteristics.
NFPA 704-2022
Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response
This standard presents a simple, readily recognized, and easily understood system of markings (commonly referred to as the "NFPA hazard diamond") that provides an immediate general sense of the hazards of a material and the severity of these hazards as they relate to emergency response.
