Standard Practices for Automotive and Aerospace Adhesives from ASTM
Standard practices for adhesives cover the procedures and conditions for the use of adhesives in automotive and aerospace applications. These standards address several issues with adhesives, such as the strength and development of adhesive bonds.
ASTM D2674-72(2021)
Standard Methods of Analysis of Sulfochromate Etch Solution Used in Surface Preparation of Aluminum
1.1 These methods offer a means for controlling the effectiveness of the etchant which is normally used for preparing the surface of aluminum alloys for subsequent adhesive bonding. As the etchant reacts with the aluminum, hexavalent chromium is converted to trivalent chromium; a measure of the two and the difference can be used to determine the amount of dichromate used. 1.2 The sulfochromate solution can be replenished by restoring the sodium dichromate and the sulfuric acid to the original formulation levels. The lower limit of usefulness will vary depending upon solution storage, adhesives used, critical nature of bond capability, variety of metals processed, etc. and should be determined. Replenishment will be limited to the number of times the chemical ingredients can be restored and maintained to the required levels and should be determined by the user. Sludge collecting in the bottom of a tank should be minimized by periodic removal of sludge. For some applications, the hexavalent chromium should not fall below the trivalent chromium content. 1.3 A typical aqueous sulfochromate acid etch solution formulation is as follows: 1.4 Maintenance of the aqueous concentrations is suggested as follows by appropriate additions of sodium dichromate or sulfuric acids. 1.5 Method A is intended for measuring the sulfuric acid content of a sulfochromate solution. Method B is intended for measuring the hexavalent and trivalent Chromium content of a sulfochromate solution. Method C is intended as an alternative method for measuring the hexavalent and trivalent Chromium content of a sulfochromate solution. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D5573-99(2019)
Standard Practice for Classifying Failure Modes in Fiber-Reinforced-Plastic (FRP) Joints
1.1 This practice covers the method of classifying, identifying, and characterizing the failure modes in adhesively bonded fiber-reinforced-plastic (FRP) joints. The FRP used in developing this practice consists of glass fibers in a thermoset-polyester-resin matrix, commonly referred to as sheet-molding compound, or SMC. 1.2 One objective of this practice is to present comprehensive definitions of possible failure modes to serve as a guide for contracts, drawings, product specifications, and product performance. Note 1: Figures 2 through 11 referred to in the practice are contained in the ASTM adjunct, Color Photographs of Failure Modes. 2 Fig. 2 Side-by Side Comparison of Failure Modes Fig. 3 Adhesive Failure Fig. 4 Cohesive Failure Fig. 5 Thin-Layer Cohesive Failure Fig. 6 Fiber-Tear Failure Fig. 7 Light-Fiber-Tear Failure Fig. 8 Stock-Break Failure Fig. 9 Mixed Failure 40 % Fiber-Tear Failure, 60 % Light-Fiber-Tear Fiber Fig. 10 Mixed Failure 32 % Adhesive Failure, 68 % Fiber-Tear Failure Fig. 11 Mixed Failure 20 % Adhesive Failure, 60 % Light-Fiber-Tear Failure, 20 % Fiber-Tear Failure Note 2: This practice may be used to describe the failure modes generated from testing, using procedures such as Test Methods D3163 , D3164 , D3165 , D3807 , D5041 , D5868 , and SAE J1525. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D1780-05(2020)
Standard Practice for Conducting Creep Tests of Metal-to-Metal Adhesives
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the amount of creep of metal-to-metal adhesive bonds due to the combined effects of temperature, tensile shear stress, and time. Note 1: Since the characteristics that render a material resistant to creep under the condition of test are not yet completely known, the details of the procedure considered herein are those known to have important influences. Since other equally important characteristics may be discovered in the future, the recommended details are largely advisory in nature. 1.2 Test periods depend upon the reasonable life expected from the material in service. The uncertainties of extrapolation should be considered in deciding upon the length of the test. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D1828-01(2021)
Standard Practice for Atmospheric Exposure of Adhesive-Bonded Joints and Structures
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for the direct exposure of adhesive bonded joints and structures to natural atmospheric environments. 1.2 The procedure for sheltered atmospheric exposure, such as a Stevenson screen ( 1 ) , 2 of adhesive-bonded joints and specimens is the same except for the requirements of facing south and measurement of solar radiation. 1.3 This practice is limited to the procedure by which samples are exposed and does not cover the tests that may be used to evaluate the effects of atmospheric exposure on these adhesive-bonded joints and structures. These samples could be any one of several varieties. 1.3.1 A complete structure for test, 1.3.2 A section of a structure for test, 1.3.3 A complete structure or section with strength observations on specimens cut therefrom, 1.3.4 Test specimens themselves, or 1.3.5 Any of the above, mounted under stress. 1.4 Suitable test methods for evaluation of the effects of exposure include nondestructive qualitative or quantitative observations on the same sample at prescribed intervals, or destructive tests on separate sets of specimens in accordance with such tests as Test Method D1002 . Note 1: See Test Methods D896 and D897 . 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D3482-07a(2014)
Standard Practice for Determining Electrolytic Corrosion of Copper by Adhesives
1.1 This practice covers the determination of whether an adhesive has any corrosive effect on copper. It is ordinarily intended to distinguish materials that might cause corrosion in electrical and electronic equipment. This procedure is a subjective test for which precision and accuracy have not been established. It is not recommended for adhesives on backing. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ASTM D1144-99(2021)
Standard Practice for Determining Strength Development of Adhesive Bonds
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the strength development of adhesive bonds when tested on a standard specimen under specified conditions of preparation and testing. It is applicable to adhesives in liquid or paste form that require curing at specified conditions of time and temperature or specific substrate preparation. It is intended primarily to be used with metal-to-metal adherends; however, plastics, woods, glass, or combinations of these may be substituted. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D1151-00(2022)
Standard Practice for Effect of Moisture and Temperature on Adhesive Bonds
1.1 This practice defines conditions for determining the performance of adhesive bonds when subjected to continuous exposure at specified conditions of moisture and temperature. The performance is expressed as a percentage based on the ratio of strength retained after exposure to the original strength. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D1879-06(2014)
Standard Practice for Exposure of Adhesive Specimens to Ionizing Radiation
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to define conditions for the exposure of polymeric adhesives in bonded specimens to ionizing radiation prior to determination of radiation-induced changes in physical or chemical properties. This recommended practice specifically covers the following kinds of radiation: gamma or X-ray radiation, electron or beta radiation, neutrons, and mixtures of these such as reactor radiation. 1.2 This practice specifies only the conditions of irradiation but does not cover the preparation of test specimens, testing conditions, or the evaluation of test. These are covered in the various ASTM methods or specifications for specific materials. 1.3 This practice covers procedures for the following five types of exposure:... 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ASTM D2094-00(2014)
Standard Practice for Preparation of Bar and Rod Specimens for Adhesion Tests
1.1 This practice describes bar- and rod-type butt-joined adhesion test specimens and procedures for preparing and bonding them. The specimens are intended to be used with various adherend materials in like or unlike combinations for determining the strength properties of adhesives in accordance with Test Method D2095. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are considered to be the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ASTM D2093-03(2017)
Standard Practice for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior to Adhesive Bonding
1.1 This practice describes surface preparations for plastic adherends, to be used prior to adhesive bonding of test specimens. It should be noted, however, that this practice specifies only the pretreating conditions of the plastic and does not cover the preparation of test specimens, testing conditions, or evaluation of tests. These are covered in the various ASTM test methods or specifications for specific materials. 1.2 Physical Treatments (for example, sanding and solvent wiping) are used in order to remove the glossy finish and all traces of dirt, grease, mold release, or other contaminants from the bonding surfaces. 1.3 Chemical Treatments (for example, sulfuric acid dichromate solution and sodium naphthalene complex) are used in some cases to alter chemically the surface layers of the polymer itself to improve its adhesion characteristics. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 6.1 . 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D896-04(2017)
Standard Practice for Resistance of Adhesive Bonds to Chemical Reagents
1.1 This practice provides a uniform procedure for the exposure of adhesively bonded substrates to selected environments. This practice also provides for a qualitative measure of the adhesive bond strength using existing standard methods after exposure. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warnings, see Section 8 . 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D1337-10(2021)
Standard Practice for Storage Life of Adhesives by Viscosity and Bond Strength
1.1 This practice describes a laboratory method by which the storage life of an adhesive may be measured using viscosity, adhesive strength, or a combination thereof. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM E1307-18
Standard Practice for Surface Preparation and Structural Adhesive Bonding of Precured, Nonmetallic Composite Facings to Structural Core for Flat Shelter Panels
1.1 This practice covers the materials, processes, and quality controls to be used in the manufacture of durable adhesive bonded, nonmetallic faced, flat sandwich panels for rigid wall relocatable shelters. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D1338-99(2021)
Standard Practice for Working Life of Liquid or Paste Adhesives by Consistency and Bond Strength
1.1 This practice covers two procedures applicable to all adhesives having a relatively short working life. It is intended to determine whether the working life conforms to the minimum specified working life of an adhesive required by consistency tests or by bond strength tests, or by both. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D1183-03(2019)
Standard Practices for Resistance of Adhesives to Cyclic Laboratory Aging Conditions
1.1 These practices cover the determination of the resistance of adhesives to cyclic accelerated service conditions by exposing bonded specimens to conditions of high and low temperatures and high and low relative humidities. The extent of degradation is determined from changes in strength properties as a result of exposure to the test conditions ( Note 1 ). It is recognized that no accelerated procedure for degrading materials correlates perfectly with actual service conditions, and that no single or small group of laboratory test conditions will simulate all actual service conditions. Consequently, care must be exercised in the interpretation and use of data obtained in this practice. The test condition, the number of cycles of the test condition to be used, the particular strength property to be used to determine the extent of degradation, and whether test specimens or test panels are to be used, are specified in the material specification. Note 1: These practices/conditions are intended for use with specimens described in the approved ASTM strength test methods for adhesives as follows: Test Methods D897 , D903 , D906 , D950 , D1002 , D1062 , and Test Method D1344 . 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
