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Fundamental Test Methods and Properties

These ASTM standards involve testing wood samples for a variety of chemical and woodworking applications.

ASTM D143-21

Standard Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of various strength and related properties of wood by testing small clear specimens. 1.1.1 These test methods represent procedures for evaluating the different mechanical and physical properties, controlling factors such as specimen size, moisture content, temperature, and rate of loading. 1.1.2 Sampling and collection of material is discussed in Practice D5536 . Sample data, computation sheets, and cards have been incorporated, which were of assistance to the investigator in systematizing records. 1.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. When a weight is prescribed, the basic inch-pound unit of weight (lbf) and the basic SI unit of mass (Kg) are cited. 1.2 The procedures for the various tests appear in the following order: 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D198-21a

Standard Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes

1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of lumber and wood-based products in structural sizes by various testing procedures. 1.2 The test methods appear in the following order: 1.3 Notations and symbols relating to the various testing procedures are given in Appendix X1 . 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1102-84(2021)

Standard Test Method for Ash in Wood

1.1 This test method covers the determination of ash, expressed as the percentage of residue remaining after dry oxidation (oxidation at 580 to 600°C), of wood or wood products. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1105-21

Standard Test Method for Preparation of Extractive-Free Wood

1.1 This test method covers the preparation of extractive-free wood and is applicable to all North American woods. Extractives in wood consist of materials that are soluble in neutral solvents and that are not a part of the wood. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 4.2 . 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1106-21

Standard Test Method for Acid-Insoluble Lignin in Wood,

1.1 This test method 3 covers the determination of the acid-insoluble lignin content of wood. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 6.1 . 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1107-21

Standard Test Method for Ethanol-Toluene Solubility of Wood,

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ethanol-toluene soluble content of wood, which is a measure of the waxes, fats, resins, and oils, plus tannins and certain other ether-insoluble components. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 4.1 . 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1108-21

Standard Test Method for Dichloromethane Solubles in Wood,

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dichloromethane soluble content of wood, which is a measure of the waxes, fats, resins, oils, and similar materials. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 4.1 . 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1109-21

Standard Test Method for 1 % Sodium Hydroxide Solubility of Wood

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the solubility of wood in a hot dilute alkali solution. A1  % solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is used. One application is in determining the degree of fungus decay that has taken place in a given wood sample. As the wood decays, the percentage of alkali-soluble material increases in proportion to the decrease in pulp yield caused by the decay. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1110-21

Standard Test Methods for Water Solubility of Wood

1.1 These test methods 3 cover the determination of the water solubility of wood. Two methods are given, as follows: 1.1.1 Method A—Cold-Water Solubility— This method provides a measure of the tannins, gums, sugars, and coloring matter in the wood. 1.1.2 Method B—Hot-Water Solubility— This method provides a measure of the tannins, gums, sugars, coloring matter, and starches in the wood. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1166-21

Standard Test Method for Methoxyl Groups in Wood and Related Materials

1.1 This test method covers the determination of methoxyl groups in wood and related materials ( 1- 7 ) . 2 The test method is applicable to milled wood or sawdust, or by suitable adjustment in size of the test specimen, to fractions isolated from wood and lignin. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6 . 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1666-17

Standard Test Methods for Conducting Machining Tests of Wood and Wood-Base Panel Materials

1.1 These test methods cover procedures for planing, routing/shaping, turning, mortising, boring, and sanding, all of which are common wood-working operations used in the manufacture of wood products. These tests apply, in different degrees, to two general classes of materials:... 1.2 Because of the importance of planing, some of the variables that affect the results of this operation are explored with a view to determining optimum conditions. In most of the other tests, however, it is necessary to limit the work to one set of fairly typical commercial conditions in which all the different woods are treated alike. 1.3 Several factors enter into any complete appraisal of the machining properties of a given wood or wood-base panel. Quality of finished surface is recommended as the basis for evaluation of machining properties. Rate of dulling of cutting tools and power consumed in cutting are also important considerations but are beyond the scope of these test methods. 1.4 Although the methods presented include the results of progressive developments in the evaluation of machining properties, further improvements may be anticipated. For example, by present procedures, quality of the finished surface is evaluated by visual inspection, but as new mechanical or physical techniques become available that will afford improved precision of evaluation, they should be employed. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1762-84(2021)

Standard Test Method for Chemical Analysis of Wood Charcoal

1.1 This test method covers the determination of moisture, volatile matter, and ash in charcoal made from wood. The test method is applicable to lumps and briquets and is designed for the evaluation of charcoal quality. The test method employs apparatus that is found in most laboratories and is adapted to routine analyses of a large number of samples. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2394-17

Standard Test Methods for Simulated Service Testing of Wood and Wood-Based Finish Flooring

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ASTM D2395-17

Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the density and specific gravity (relative density) of wood and wood-based materials to generally desired degrees of accuracy and for specimens of different sizes, shapes, and moisture content conditions. The test method title is indicative of the procedures used or the specific area of use. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2555-17a

Standard Practice for Establishing Clear Wood Strength Values

1.1 This practice covers the determination of strength values for clear wood of different species in the unseasoned condition, unadjusted for end use, applicable to the establishment of design values for different solid wood products such as lumber, laminated wood, plywood, and round timbers. Presented are: 1.1.1 Procedures by which test values obtained on small clear specimens may be combined with density data from extensive forest surveys to make them more representative, 1.1.2 Guidelines for the interpretation of the data in terms of assigned values for combinations of species or regional divisions within a species to meet special marketing needs, and 1.1.3 Information basic to the translation of the clear wood values into design values for different solid wood products for different end uses. 1.1.4 For species where density survey data are not as yet available for the re-evaluation of average strength properties, the presently available data from tests made under the sampling methods and procedures of Test Methods D143 or Practice E105 are provided with appropriate provision for their application and use. Because of the comprehensive manner in which the density survey is undertaken, it follows that the re-evaluated strength data are intended to be representative of the forest stand, or rather large forest subdivisions. 1.1.5 Some useful mechanical properties (tensile strengths parallel and perpendicular to grain, modulus of rigidity for a longitudinal-transverse plane, and transverse modulus of elasticity) have not been extensively evaluated. Methods are described for estimating these properties by their relation to other properties. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4442-20

Standard Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Based Materials

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the moisture content ( MC ) of wood, veneer, and other wood-based materials, including those that contain adhesives and chemical additives. The test procedures appear in the following order: 1.2 The primary oven-drying method (Method A) is intended as the sole primary method. It is structured for purposes where the highest accuracy or degree of precision is needed (for example, research or calibration). 1.3 The secondary oven-drying method (Method B) is intended for the purposes where the primary procedure (Method A) is not desired or justified. Test results in this method are generally less precise than in Method A. 1.4 For materials that have been chemically treated or impregnated with creosote, petroleum, and their solutions such that the oven-drying procedures introduce greater bias than desired in the results, other methods, such as AWPA A6, are recommended. 1.5 Units The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4444-13(2018)

Standard Test Method for Laboratory Standardization and Calibration of Hand-Held Moisture Meters

1.1 This test method applies to the measurement of moisture content (MC) of solid wood products, including those containing additives (that is, chemicals or adhesives) for laboratory standardization and calibration of hand-held moisture meters 1.2 This test method makes no distinction between meter measurement technologies for standardization and calibration requirements. Provision is made for test specimen size to accommodate specific meters. Appendix X1 provides an explanatory discussion and history corresponding to the mandatory sections. Fundamental measurement technologies are described in Appendix X2 when available. 1.2.1 Meters employing differing technologies may not provide equivalent readings under the same conditions. When this test method has been applied, it is assumed that the referenced meter is acceptable unless otherwise specified. Meters shall be calibrated with respect to MC by direct measurement as determined by Test Methods D4442 . 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4761-19

Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Lumber and Wood-Based Structural Materials

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the mechanical properties of stress-graded lumber and other wood-based structural materials. 1.2 These test methods appear in the following order: 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4933-16(2021)

Standard Guide for Moisture Conditioning of Wood and Wood-Based Materials

1.1 This guide covers standard procedures for conditioning and equilibrating wood and wood-based materials to constant moisture content. The procedures apply to solid wood, wood-based fiber and particulate materials and panels, and wood products containing adhesives. They are intended for use in research and development activities, testing laboratories, quality control, and for all other classes of producers and users. This guide includes background material on the importance of moisture content control, important definitions and technical data, possible types of apparatus, procedures, and the importance of conditioning time. Users should recognize that the necessary degree of precision and bias varies with the intentions of the users. Some research and testing, for example, might require very close control of moisture content, whereas control in an industrial storage facility might not require such close control. This guide offers procedures that include these different requirements. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values of temperature in degrees Fahrenheit given in Table X1.2 are mathematical conversions that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the procedure section, Section 6 , of this guide. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6782-19

Standard Test Methods for Standardization and Calibration of In-Line Dry Lumber Moisture Meters

1.1 These test methods apply to instruments designed to detect, or measure, moisture in wood which has been dried below the fiber saturation point. The purpose of these tests is to provide a unified standard against which such systems can demonstrate their suitability for their intended use (see Appendix X1 ). 1.1.1 Sensitivity to thin layers of surface moisture such as caused by dew or brief rain exposure is not addressed by these methods. Certain applications, such as screening material for surface adhesion, require additional assessment methodology and criteria (see Appendix X5 ). 1.2 The standard is configured to support tests by moisture meter manufacturers as well as end-users of such systems, therefore the text follows two tracks (see Appendix X2 ). 1.3 Test methods specified for manufacturers are generally designed for laboratory settings and are intended to provide a standard against which a manufacturer certifies calibration and general system conformance. 1.4 Test methods for end-users are generally designed for field settings and are intended as a standardized set of procedures for determining the suitability of a specific machine for a particular use. 1.5 Applications such as lumber marking or sorting systems utilizing the output of the in-line meter are not part of this standard. 1.6 Applications requiring sensitivity to and identification of localized wet areas are limited to general recommendations. The presence of wet-spots is the subject of Appendix X8 . 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6815-09(2015)

Standard Specification for Evaluation of Duration of Load and Creep Effects of Wood and Wood-Based Products

1.1 This specification provides a procedure for testing and evaluating duration of load and creep effects of wood and wood-based materials relative to an accepted duration of load adjustment model. This specification was created for products that are currently covered by a consensus standard (for example, lumber, structural composite lumber, and structural-use panels). This procedure is intended to demonstrate the engineering equivalence to the duration of load and creep effects of visually graded lumber as specified in Practice D245 for a product under evaluation used in dry service conditions. This procedure is not intended to evaluate the performance of products under impact loading. Quantification of specific duration of load or creep factors is beyond the scope of this specification. For further guidance regarding the applicability of this specification refer to X1.1 in the Commentary. 1.2 Use of the procedure in this specification to determine equivalence to the Practice D245 duration of load relationship is limited to solid wood and wood-based products whose long term load behavior is similar to that of solid wood. Equivalence demonstrated in this specification is dependent upon evaluation of a product's 90-day (minimum) creep-rupture performance. In this evaluation, three criteria must be satisfied: ( 1 ) adequate strength over a 90-day period, ( 2 ) decreasing creep rate, and ( 3 ) limited fractional deflection. A summary of the development of these criteria and the underlying assumptions behind them is provided in the Commentary in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2 . 1.3 Long term degradation phenomena not described by a creep-rupture model are not addressed in this specification (see Commentary X1.2.4 ).

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ASTM D6874-21

Standard Test Methods for Nondestructive Evaluation of the Stiffness of Wood and Wood-Based Materials Using Transverse Vibration or Stress Wave Propagation

1.1 These test methods cover the non-destructive determination of the following dynamic properties of wood and wood-based materials from measuring the fundamental frequency of vibration: 1.1.1 Flexural (see Refs ( 1- 3 ) ) 2 stiffness and apparent modulus of elasticity ( E tv ) properties using simply or freely supported beam transverse vibration in the vertical direction, and 1.1.2 Axial stiffness and apparent longitudinal modulus of elasticity ( E sw ) using stress wave propagation time in the longitudinal direction. 1.2 The test methods can be used for a broad range of wood-based materials and products ranging from logs, timbers, lumber, and engineered wood products. 1.2.1 The two flexural methods can be applied to flexural products such as glulam beams and I-joists. 1.2.2 The longitudinal stress wave methods are limited to solid wood and homogeneous grade glulam (e.g., columns but not products with distinct subcomponents such as wood I-joists). 1.3 The standard recognizes three implementation classes for each of these test methods. 1.3.1 Class I - Defines the fundamental method to achieve the highest degree of repeatability and reproducibility that can be achieved under laboratory conditions. Note 1: Testing should follow Class I methods to develop training and validation data sets for method conversion models (see Annex A2 ). 1.3.2 Class II - Method with permitted modifications to the Class I method that can be used to address practical issues found in the field, and where practical deviations from the Class I protocol are known and their effects can be accounted. Note 2: Practical deviations include, for example, environmental and test boundary conditions. Class II methods allow for corrections to test results to account for quantifiable effect such as machine frame deflections. 1.3.3 Class III - Method permitting the broadest range of application, with permitted modifications to suit a wider range of practical needs with an emphasis on repeatability. Note 3: Online testing machines implemented to grade/sort lumber may be treated as Class III. 1.4 The standard provides guidance for developing a model for estimating a non-destructive test method result (e.g., static modulus of elasticity obtained in accordance with Test Methods D198 ) from another non-destructive test method result (e.g., dynamic longitudinal modulus of elasticity from measurement of longitudinal stress wave propagation time). 1.4.1 The standard covers only models developed from test data obtained directly from non-destructively testing a representative sample using one test method, and retesting the same sample following a second test method. 1.4.2 Results used for model development shall not be estimated from a model. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6958-20

Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Side-Bonding Potential of Wood Coatings

1.1 These test methods describe an evaluation procedure for the determination of undesirable side-bonding of coatings for wood flooring. They provide two mechanical properties tests for the quantitative determination of the cohesive strength of wood coatings (tensile and lap shear). 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7438-20

Standard Practice for Field Calibration and Application of Hand-Held Moisture Meters

1.1 This practice applies to the measurement of moisture content of solid wood, including solid wood products containing additives, that is, chemicals or adhesives, by hand-held moisture meters under conditions of end-use. 1.1.1 This practice includes calibration, use, and interpretation of meters for conditions that relate to wood product characteristics, such as nonuniform grain and growth ring orientation, and to end-use process conditions, such as moisture gradients. 1.1.2 Meters employing differing technologies will not necessarily provide equivalent readings under the same conditions. When this practice has been applied, it is assumed that the referenced meter is acceptable unless otherwise specified. Meters shall have been calibrated by Test Methods D4444 . 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7469-21

Standard Test Methods for End Joints in Structural Wood Products

1.1 This standard provides test methods for evaluating the structural capacity and integrity of end joints in structural wood products. 1.2 Off-line test methods include: (1) Axial Tension, (2) Bending, and (3) Cyclic Delamination. 1.3 In-line test methods include: (1) Tension Proofload and (2) Bending Proofload. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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