Windows
Window standards cover a variety of topics ranging from building to ship and boat windows. The standards outline specifications including test method for determining water penetration, heated glass panes, measurement of air leakage, and installation.
ASTM E1105-15(2023)
Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Water Penetration of Installed Exterior Windows, Skylights, Doors, and Curtain Walls, by Uniform or Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference
1.1This test method covers the determination of the resistance of installed exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a static air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.
1.2This test method is applicable to any curtain-wall area or to windows, skylights, or doors alone. It is intended primarily for determining the resistance to water penetration through such assemblies for compliance with specified performance criteria, but it may also be used to determine the resistance to penetration through the joints between the assemblies and the adjacent construction. Other procedures may be appropriate to identify sources of leakage.
1.3This test method addresses water penetration through a manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly, but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.
1.4The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.
1.5The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.1.
1.7This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM E783-02(2018)
Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Air Leakage Through Installed Exterior Windows and Doors
1.1 This test method provides a field procedure for determining the air leakage rates of installed exterior windows and doors.
1.2 This test method is applicable to exterior windows and doors and is intended to measure only such leakage associated with the assembly and not the leakage through openings between the assemblies and adjacent construction. The test method can be adapted for the latter purpose, provided the potential paths of air movement and the sources of infiltration and exfiltration can be identified, controlled, or eliminated.
1.3 This test method attempts to create and given set of natural environmental conditions. There is a strong possibility that the test method or the test apparatus may, by virtue of their design and use, induce air leakage that does not occur under natural environmental exposure.
1.4 This test method is intended for the field testing of installed exterior windows or doors. Persons interested in laboratory testing of fenestration products should reference Test Method E283.
1.5 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable in the area of fluid mechanics and instrumentation practices, and shall have a general understanding of fenestration products and components.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ISO 614:1989
Shipbuilding and marine structures -- Toughened safety glass panes for rectangular windows and side scuttles -- Punch method of non-destructive strength testing
Specifies the appropiate method for testing complying with ISO 3254 and ISO 1095.
ANSI/WCMA A100.1-2018
American National Standard for Safety of Corded Window Covering Products
This Standard applies to all interior window covering products. Types of window covering products documented in this standard include, but are not limited to, cellular shades, horizontal blinds, pleated shades, roll up style blinds, roller shades, sheer shades, Roman style shades, traverse rods (including products that are used with traverse rods, e.g., curtains and drapes), panel tracks, and vertical blinds. These products can be manufactured and distributed as either stock or custom products.
ASTM E2112-01
Standard Practice for Installation of Exterior Windows, Doors and Skylights
1.1 This practice covers the installation of fenestration products in new and existing construction. For the purpose of this practice, fenestration products shall be limited to windows, sliding patio-type doors, swinging patio type doors, and skylights, as used primarily in residential and light commercial buildings.
1.2 This practice assumes that the installer possesses basic woodworking skills and an understanding of wall and roof construction, sheet metal work, and joint sealant practices.
1.3 This practice attempts to instruct and familiarize the installer with the concepts of both Barrier Systems and Membrane/Drainage Systems, in order to ensure the continuity of the building envelope. This practice attempts to educate the installer, builder, architect, and other users in the identification and understanding of the water shedding system of the building envelope.
1.4 This practice covers the installation process from pre-installation procedures through post-installation procedures, for single units or factory-mulled multiple units in a single opening. It does not cover the fabrication or assembly of multiple units, whether such fabrication takes place in a factory or at the intended installation site. The installer should check with the manufacturer of factory-assembled units for instructions for anchoring. When using field-mulled units, follow manufacturer's recommendations and make certain that they meet applicable codes. This practice does not cover the selection of appropriate fenestration products for a given application, nor the selection of other products or systems for use in the installation.
1.5 This practice provides minimum requirements that will help to accomplish the installation of fenestration products in an effective manner. Actual conditions in buildings vary greatly and, in some cases, substantial additional precautions may be required. In the event that the manufacturer's installation instructions provided with the product conflict with requirements of this practice, the manufacturer's instructions shall prevail. This practice is not intended to limit or exclude other new procedures that may refine or further improve the effectiveness of fenestration installation.
1.5.1 This practice is intended to be used for background information in order to develop training manuals and training programs. Further, this practice attempts to consolidate and unify the various steps of construction, tying together the various trades involved with the continuity between fenestration products and the building envelope.
1.6 The text of this practice references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this practice.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information only.
1.8 This standard has not been created to address all issues related to every possible installation situation one might experience in the field. Furthermore, this practice does not purport to provide fail-safe installation methods, assurance or protection against installation deficiencies, or a standard by which architects can specify or ensure delivered performance.
Note 1—There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject matter of this practice.
1.9 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 5, Related Procedures. Where a lead hazard is known or suspected, refer to ASTM Standards on Lead Hazards Associated with Buildings and to applicable state and federal regulations. Where an asbestos hazard is known or suspected, refer to the ASTM Manual on Asbestos Control, and to applicable state and federal regulations.
1.9 Table of Contents
| Section | |
| Scope | 1 |
| Table of Contents | 1.10 |
| Referenced Documents | 2 |
| Termninology | 3 |
| Definitions | 3.1 |
| Description of Terms Specific to this Standard | 3.2 |
| Abbreviations | 3.3 |
| Significance and Use | 4 |
| Related Issues and Procedures | 5 |
| Continuity with the Weather Barrier Systems | 5.1 |
| Joints and Anchorages | 5.2 |
| Moisture Entrapment | 5.3 |
| Weather Resistant Barrier | 5.4 |
| Weatherability | 5.5 |
| Construction Sequence | 5.6 |
| Construction Damage | 5.7 |
| Inspection | 5.8 |
| Rough Opening | 5.9 |
| Rough Opening Size | 5.9.1 |
| Insulating or Filling the Rough Opening Gap | 5.9.2 |
| Materials Protection | 5.10 |
| Cleaning and Maintenance | 5.11 |
| Dissimilar Materials | 5.12 |
| Flashing Requirements | 5.13 |
| Fastening Systems/Anchorage | 5.14 |
| Shimming | 5.15 |
| Panning Systems and Subsills for Weatherability | 5.16 |
| Pre-Installation Procedures | 5.17 |
| Sealants-Selection and Use | 5.18 |
| Window Cleaner Anchors and Related SafetyHardware | 5.19 |
| Continuity Between the Fenestration Products andOther Components of the Building Envelope | 6 |
| Water Shedding Strategies of Wall and Roof Systems | 7 |
| Concept of Surface Barrier Systems and Membrane/Drainage Systems | 7.1 |
| Surface Barrier Systems | 7.1.1 |
| Membrane/Drainage Systems | 7.1.2 |
| Identification of Systems | 7.2 |
| Installation Methods For Windows | 8 |
| Windows in Walls Utilizing a Membrane/DrainageSystem | 8.1 |
| Windows with Perimeter Mounting Flanges(Nail Fins) in Drainage TypeWall Construction | 8.1.1 |
| Flange Types | 8.1.1.1 |
| Selection of Installation Method | 8.1.1.2 |
| Method A | 8.1.1.3.1 |
| Method B | 8.1.1.3.2 |
| Method A1 | 8.1.1.3.3 |
| Method B1 | 8.1.1.3.4 |
| Non-Finned Windows in Membrane/DrainageType Walls | 8.1.2 |
| Windows in Walls Utilizing a Barrier Wall System(Sealant Method) | 8.2 |
| Windows in Walls Utilizing an Exterior Barrier System(EIFS or Direct Applied) | 8.3 |
| Special Considerations | 8.4 |
| Aluminum Framed Windows | 8.4.1 |
| Vinyl Framed Windows | 8.4.2 |
| Replacement Window Installation | 8.5 |
| Partial Window Replacement for Existing IntegralFlange Windows | 8.5.1 |
| Partial Replacement of Mill Shop Wood Windows | 8.5.2 |
| Complete Window Replacement | 8.5.3 |
| Destructive Window Replacement (Fin Type) | 8.5.3.1 |
| Non-Destructive Window Replacement (Non-Fin Type) | 8.5.3.2 |
| Installation Methods for Doors | 9 |
| Doors in Walls Utilizing a Membrane/Drainage System | 9.1 |
| Doors with Perimeter Mounting Flanges(Nailing Fins) in Drainage TypeWall Construction | 9.1.1 |
| Flange Types | 9.1.1.1 |
| Selection of Installation Method | 9.1.1.2 |
| Method A | 9.1.1.4.1 |
| Method B | 9.1.1.4.2 |
| Method A1 | 9.1.1.4.3 |
| Method B1 | 9.1.1.4.4 |
| Hinged Swing (Non-finned) Doors in Membrane/Drainage Type Walls | |
| Installation Methods for Skylights | 10 |
| Product Types | 10.1 |
| Flashing Procedures | 10.2 |
| Aluminum/Copper Sheet Flashing | 10.3 |
| Aluminum/Copper Step Flashing (Fabricated orEngineered) | 10.4 |
| Membrane Flashing | 10.5 |
| Post-Installation Procedures | 11 |
| Keywords | 12 |
| Air Barrier Foam Sealant Used in the RoughOpening Gap | Annex A1 |
| Emergency Escape and Rescue Requirements | Annex A2 |
| Minimum Height Requirements for Interior Height of Pan Flashing | Annex A3 |
| Sealants | Annex A4 |
| Window/Door Flashing Types | Appendix X1 |
| Cautions for Installation | Appendix X2 |
| Bibliography/Other Referenced Installation Guides | Appendix X3 |
