General Machine Tool Standards
General Machine and Tool Safety Standards provide basic operation guidelines focused on the main terminology and optimal design principles for machine and tool safety. The basic recommendations for the safety of integrated manufacturing systems found here address safety aspects relevant to the interconnections of machines and their component parts. Standards regarding safety-related parts of control systems include software design principles and procedures for the incorporation of safety functions into machine designs. The 10-part ISO 230 series contains test codes for machine tools, applicable across the board and addressing such concerns as geometric and positioning accuracy, repeatability, deviations and tolerances, as well as noise emissions and thermal effects. Furthermore, these standards outline fire protection and prevention, as well as general risk assessment and reduction practices that can be incorporated into the operation of a multitude of different machines and tools. Visit OSHA’s Hand and Power Tool page to learn more about specific safety precautions for different types of tools.
ISO 230 - Test Code for Machine Tools Package
ISO 230 - Test Code for Machine Tools Package
The ISO 230- Test Code for Machine Tools Package provides test codes for the determination of positioning numerically controlled axes, controlled machine tools, thermal effects on machine tools and machines operating under no-load or finishing conditions. Overall, the ISO 230- Test Code for Machine Tools Package provides standardized methods of testing the accuracy of machine tools. This package includes:
ISO 230-1:2012
ISO 230-2:2006
ISO 230-3:2007
ISO 230-4:2005
ISO 230-5:2000
ISO 230-6:2002
ISO 230-7:2006
ISO/TR 230-8:2010
ISO/TR 230-9:2005
ISO 230-10:2011
ISO 229:1973
Machine tools - Speeds and feeds
Lya down the speeds (number of revolutions or strokes per minute) and the feeds (in millimetres or in inches, per minute, per revolution, or per stroke) of machine tools working by removal of metal an driven directly by an electrical motor. Is not applicable to machines with continuous speed variations, feeds for thread forming, etc.
ISO 369:2009
Machine tools - Symbols for indications appearing on machine tools
ISO 369:2009 specifies symbols and the corresponding meanings in English, French and German for application in the field of machine tools. The symbols given in ISO 369:2009 are for: - placement on equipment or parts of equipment of any kind of machine tool in order to instruct the persons handling the equipment or parts of equipment on their setting in operation and functioning (e.g. in user handbooks and information for use); - use in the representation of a state, a function or an operation, wherever this may be, and in documents such as drawings, maps and diagrams.
ISO 230-1:2012
Test code for machine tools - Part 1: Geometric accuracy of machines operating under no-load or quasi-static conditions
ISO 230-1:2012 specifies methods for testing the accuracy of machine tools, operating either under no-load or under quasi-static conditions, by means of geometric and machining tests. The methods can also be applied to other types of industrial machines. It covers power-driven machines, which can be used for machining metal, wood, etc., by the removal of chips or swarf material or by plastic deformation. It does not cover power-driven portable hand tools. ISO 230-1:2012 relates to the testing of geometric accuracy. It is not applicable to the operational testing of the machine tool (vibrations, stick-slip motion of components, etc.) or to the checking of characteristics (speeds, feeds). It does not cover the geometric accuracy of high-speed machine motions where machining forces are typically smaller than acceleration forces.
ISO 230-3:2020
Test code for machine tools - Part 3: Determination of thermal effects
This document defines four tests: an environmental temperature variation error (ETVE) test; a test for thermal distortion caused by rotating spindles; a test for thermal distortion caused by moving linear axes; a test for thermal distortion caused by rotary motion of components. The tests for thermal distortion caused by moving linear axes (see Clause 7) are applicable to numerically controlled (NC) machines only and are designed to quantify the effects of thermal expansion and contraction as well as the angular deformation of structures. For practical reasons, the test methods described in Clause 7 apply to machines with linear axes up to 2 000 mm in length. If they are used for machines with axes longer than 2 000 mm, a representative length of 2 000 mm in the normal range of each axis is chosen for the tests. The tests correspond to the drift test procedure as described in ISO/TR 16015:2003, A.4.2, applied for machine tools with special consideration of thermal distortion of moving linear components and thermal distortion of moving rotary components. On machine tools equipped with compensation for thermal effects these tests demonstrate any uncertainty in nominal thermal expansion due to uncertainty of coefficient of thermal expansion and any uncertainty of length due to temperature measurement.
ISO 230-4:2005
Test code for machine tools - Part 4: Circular tests for numerically controlled machine tools
ISO 230-4:2005 specifies methods of testing and evaluating the bi-directional circular deviation, the mean bi-directional radial deviation, the circular deviation and the radial deviation of circular paths that are produced by the simultaneous movements of two linear axes. Its objective is to provide a method for the measurement of the contouring performance of a numerically controlled machine tool.
ISO 230-5:2000
Test code for machine tools -- Part 5: Determination of the noise emission
This part of ISO 230 specifies methods for testing the noise of stationary floor-mounted machine tools and related auxiliary equipment directly on the shop floor. The purpose of the measurements is to obtain noise-emission data for machine tools. The data obtained may be used for the purpose of declaration and verification of airborne noise emission from machine tools as specified in ISO 4871, and also for the comparison of the performance of different units of a given family of machine tools or equipment, under defined environmental conditions and standardized mounting and operating conditions. For the purposes of this part of ISO 230, auxiliary equipment means hydraulic power packs, chip conveyors, coolant-oil mist extractors, heat exchangers, refrigerators, etc. Noise emitted by centrally operated auxiliary equipment, connected to several machine tools, shall be considered as background noise. General instructions are given for the installation and operation of the machine under test and for the choice of microphone positions for the work station and for other specified positions. More detailed instructions can be found in specific noise-test standards for individual types of machine tools. Clause 11 specifies a method for measuring the emission sound pressure levels at work stations and at other specified positions in the vicinity of a machine tool. This method follows the methods specified in ISO 11202 and ISO 11204. Clause 12 specifies a method for measuring the sound pressure levels on a measurement surface enveloping the machine tool and for calculating the sound power level produced by the machine tool. This method follows the methods specified in ISO 3744 and ISO 3746. The determination of the sound power level on the basis of the intensity method (ISO 9614 and ISO 9614-2) is not dealt with in this part of ISO 230. The methods specified in this part of ISO 230 are suitable for all types of noise emitted by machine tools. This part of ISO 230 is applicable to machine tools of any type and size, including devices, components and subassemblies. The test environment that is applicable for measurements made in accordance with this part of ISO 230 is generally located indoors, with one or more reflecting planes present, meeting specified requirements, as described in clauses 11 and 12, respectively in 11.4.2 and in clause 12.3.2. Individual values of emission sound pressure levels at a fixed position and of the sound power level of a machine tool determined in accordance with the procedures given in this part of ISO 230 are likely to differ from the true values by an amount within the range of the respective measurement uncertainties. The uncertainties in measurements of emission sound pressure levels and in determinations of the sound power level arise from several factors which affect the results, some associated with environmental conditions at the test site and others with experimental techniques. This part of ISO 230 deals with methods to determine the emission sound pressure levels and the emission sound power level, where the results meet grade 2 accuracy (engineering method) and grade 3 accuracy (survey method). Because of its higher accuracy, grade 2 should be achieved whenever possible. Specific information on measurement uncertainties is given in clause 7. Although grade 2 accuracy (engineering) is preferred, grade 3 accuracy (survey) is acceptable for noise declaration and most other purposes. In this part of ISO 230, only the determination of grade 3 is described completely. For grade 2, ISO 3744 and ISO 11204 shall also be used.
ISO 230-6:2002
Test code for machine tools - Part 6: Determination of positioning accuracy on body and face diagonals (Diagonal displacement tests)
Scope This part of ISO 230 specifies diagonal displacement tests which allow the estimation of the volumetric performance of a machine tool. Complete testing of the volumetric performance of a machine tool is a difficult and time-consuming process. Diagonal displacement tests reduce the time and cost associated with testing the volumetric performance. A diagonal displacement test is not in itself a diagnostic test, although conclusions of a diagnostic nature may sometimes be possible from the results. In particular, when face diagonal tests are included, a direct measurement of the axes squareness is possible. Diagonal displacement tests on body diagonals may be supplemented by tests in the face diagonals, by tests parallel to the machine axes in accordance with ISO 230-2, or by the evaluation of the contouring performance in the three coordinate planes as defined in ISO 230-4. Diagonal displacement tests may be used for acceptance purposes and as reassurance of machine performance where parameters of the test are used as comparison index.
ISO 230-7:2015
Test code for machine tools - Part 7: Geometric accuracy of axes of rotation
ISO 230-7:2015 is aimed at standardizing methods of specification and test of the geometric accuracy of axes of rotation used in machine tools. Spindle units, rotary heads, and rotary and swivelling tables of machine tools constitute axes of rotation, all having unintended motions in space as a result of multiple sources of errors. ISO 230-7:2015 covers the following properties of rotary axes: - axis of rotation error motion; - speed-induced axis shifts. The other important properties of rotary axes, such as thermally induced axis shifts and environmental temperature variation-induced axis shifts, are dealt with in ISO 230 3. ISO 230-7:2015 does not cover the following properties of spindles: - angular positioning accuracy (see ISO 230 1 and ISO 230 2); - run-out of surfaces and components (see ISO 230 1); - tool holder interface specifications; - inertial vibration measurements (see ISO/TR 230 8); - noise measurements (see ISO 230 5); - rotational speed range and accuracy (see ISO 10791 6 and ISO 13041 6); - balancing measurements or methods (see ISO 1940 1 and ISO 6103); - idle run loss (power loss); - thermal effects (see ISO 230 3).
ISO/TR 230-8:2010
Test code for machine tools - Part 8: Vibrations
ISO/TR 230-8:2010 is concerned with the different types of vibration that can occur between the tool-holding part and the workpiece-holding part of a machine tool. (For simplicity, these will generally be referred to as tool and workpiece , respectively.) These are vibrations that can adversely influence the production of both an acceptable surface finish and an accurate workpiece. It is not aimed primarily at those who have expertise in vibration analysis and who routinely carry out such work in research and development environments. It does not, therefore, replace standard textbooks on the subject.. It is, however, intended for manufacturers and users alike with general engineering knowledge in order to enhance their understanding of the causes of vibration by providing an overview of the relevant background theory. It also provides basic measurement procedures for evaluating certain types of vibration problems that can beset a machine tool: vibrations occurring as a result of mechanical unbalance; vibrations generated by the operation of the machine's linear slides; vibrations transmitted to the machine by external forces; vibrations generated by the cutting process including self-excited vibrations (chatter). Additionally, this report discusses the application of artificial vibration excitation for the purpose of structural analysis.
ISO/TR 230-9:2005
Test code for machine tools - Part 9: Estimation of measurement uncertainty for machine tool tests according to series ISO 230, basic equations
ISO/TR 230-9:2005 provides information on a possible estimation of measurement uncertainties for measurements according to ISO 230.
ISO 230-10:2016
Test code for machine tools - Part 10: Determination of the measuring performance of probing systems of numerically controlled machine tools
ISO 230-10:2016 specifies test procedures to evaluate the measuring performance of contacting probing systems (used in a discrete-point probing mode) integrated with a numerically controlled machine tool. It does not include other types of probing systems, such as those used in scanning mode or non-contacting probing systems. The evaluation of the performance of the machine tool, used as a coordinate measuring machine (CMM), is outside the scope of this part of ISO 230. Such performance evaluation involves traceability issues, is strongly influenced by machine tool geometric accuracy and can, in addition to the machine tool probing system tests specified in this part of ISO 230, be evaluated according to ISO 10360 2 and ISO 10360 5. Numerically controlled machine tools can apply contacting probing systems in machining process applications, such as - identification that the correct workpiece has been loaded before machining, - location and/or alignment of the workpiece, - measurement of the workpiece after machining, but while still on the machine, - measurement of the position and orientation of the machine tool rotary axes, - measurement and setting of the cutting tool (radius, length and offset of the tool), and - detection of tool breakage. NOTE 1 This part of ISO 230 focuses on machining centres, but it is intended that other types of machines, for instance turning and grinding centres, be included in a future revision of this part of ISO 230. NOTE 2 This part of ISO 230 does not include non-contacting type of probes (e.g. optical probes), but it is intended that they be included in a future revision of this part of ISO 230.
BS EN 50370-1:2005
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Product family standard for machine tools. Emission (British Standard)
This standard deals with the electromagnetic emission (radio frequency protection) of machine tools, excluding electro discharge machines (EDM), designed exclusively for industrial and similar purposes that use electricity, the rated voltage of the machine tool not exceeding 1 000 V AC or 1 500 V DC between lines.Machine tools may incorporate motors, heating elements or their combination, may contain electric or electronic circuitry, and may be powered by the mains, or any other electrical power source.This standard does not cover fixed installations as defined in the Guide to the Application of Directive 89/336/EEC, published by the European Commission.Emission requirements in the frequency range 9 kHz to 400 GHz are covered. No measurements need to be performed at frequencies where no requirements are specified.
ANSI/ISO 12100:2012
Safety of Machinery - General Principles for Design - Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction
Specifies basic terminology, principles and a methodology for achieving safety in the design of machinery.
ISO 13849-2:2012
Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 2: Validation
ISO 13849-2:2012 specifies the procedures and conditions to be followed for the validation by analysis and testing of the specified safety functions, the category achieved, and the performance level achieved by the safety-related parts of a control system (SRP/CS) designed in accordance with ISO 13849-1.
ISO 11161:2007
Safety of machinery - Integrated manufacturing systems - Basic requirements
ISO 11161:2007 specifies the safety requirements for integrated manufacturing systems (IMS) that incorporate two or more interconnected machines for specific applications, such as component manufacturing or assembly. It gives requirements and recommendations for the safe design, safeguarding and information for the use of such IMSs. ISO 11161:2007 is not intended to cover safety aspects of individual machines and equipment that may be covered by standards specific to those machines and equipment. Therefore it deals only with those safety aspects that are important for the safety-relevant interconnection of the machines and components. Where machines and equipment of an integrated manufacturing system are operated separately or individually, and while the protective effects of the safeguards provided for production mode are muted or suspended, the relevant safety standards for these machines and equipment apply.
ISO 12100:2010
Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 12100:2010 specifies basic terminology, principles and a methodology for achieving safety in the design of machinery. It specifies principles of risk assessment and risk reduction to help designers in achieving this objective. These principles are based on knowledge and experience of the design, use, incidents, accidents and risks associated with machinery. Procedures are described for identifying hazards and estimating and evaluating risks during relevant phases of the machine life cycle, and for the elimination of hazards or sufficient risk reduction. Guidance is given on the documentation and verification of the risk assessment and risk reduction process. ISO 12100:2010 is also intended to be used as a basis for the preparation of type-B or type-C safety standards. It does not deal with risk and/or damage to domestic animals, property or the environment.
ISO 19353:2019
Safety of machinery - Fire prevention and fire protection
This document specifies methods for identifying fire hazards resulting from machinery and for performing a risk assessment. It gives the basic concepts and methodology of protective measures for fire prevention and protection to be taken during the design and construction of machinery. The measures consider the intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse of the machine. It provides guidelines for consideration in reducing the risk of machinery fires to acceptable levels through machine design, risk assessment and operator instructions. This document is not applicable to: mobile machinery; machinery designed to contain controlled combustion processes (e.g. internal combustion engines, furnaces), unless these processes can constitute the ignition source of a fire in other parts of the machinery or outside of this; machinery used in potentially explosive atmospheres and explosion prevention and protection; and fire detection and suppression systems that are integrated in building fire safety systems. It is also not applicable to machinery or machinery components manufactured before the date of its publication.
IEC/TR 62513 Ed. 1.0 b:2008
Safety of machinery - Guidelines for the use of communication systems in safety-related applications
"It addresses the application of closed serial digital communications systems (often termed fieldbuses) used for transmission of safety-related data in the realisation of safety functions at machinery. It offers guidance on the issues that need to be considered during the specification, system design, installation, commissioning, modification and maintenance of such applications. It assumes that the SRECS safety requirements specification (SRS) has been developed and the design of the SRECS (Safety-Related Electrical Control Systems) is intended to include a safety-related communication system. This Technical Report is intended to be used in conjunction with IEC 62061. "
AS 4024.1100:2019
Safety of machinery - Application guide (FOREIGN STANDARD)
The AS(/NZS) 4024.1XXX, Safety of machinery, series provides users with the essential framework for designing and operating safe machine systems. It applies to single items of machinery or groupings of machines, so that a safe interface between discrete items is also ensured.
