The Solar Energy industry relies on standardization for many things, including testing energy conversion, reflectance or materials properties, fabricating arrays, integrating into the smart grid, or assuring workplace safety.
ISO 9806:2017 specifies test methods for assessing the durability, reliability, safety and thermal performance of fluid heating solar collectors. The test methods are applicable for laboratory testing and for in situ testing. ISO 9806:2017 is applicable to all types of fluid heating solar collectors, air heating solar collectors, hybrid solar collectors co-generating heat and electric power, as well as to solar collectors using external power sources for normal operation and/or safety purposes. It does not cover electrical safety aspects or other specific properties directly related to electric power generation. ISO 9806:2017 is not applicable to those devices in which a thermal storage unit is an integral part to such an extent that the collection process cannot be separated from the storage process for making the collector thermal performance measurements.
IEC 60364-7-712:2017 applies to the electrical installation of PV systems intended to supply all or part of an installation. The equipment of a PV installation, like any other item of equipment, is dealt with only so far as its selection and application in the installation is concerned. This new edition includes significant revisions and extensions, taking into account experience gained in the construction and operation of PV installations, and developments made in technology, since the first edition of this standard was published.
ISO 22975-1:2016 specifies definitions and test methods for materials, durability and performance of evacuated tubes. ISO 22975-1:2016 is applicable to all types of evacuated tubes.
ISO 22975-2:2016 specifies definitions and test methods for durability and performance of heat-pipes for solar thermal application. ISO 22975-2:2016 is applicable to heat-pipes for use with evacuated tubes, including glass-metal sealed evacuated tubes and double-glass evacuated tubes, as well as with flat plate collectors. ISO 22975-2:2016 provides test methods for determining durability of the heat-pipe, including high temperature resistance and freeze resistance. ISO 22975-2:2016 also provides test methods for measuring performance of the heat-pipe, including starting temperature, temperature uniformity and heat transfer power of the heat-pipe. ISO 22975-2:2016 is only applicable to gravity heat-pipes.
IEC 60730-2-6:2015(E) applies to automatic electrical pressure sensing controls with a minimum gauge pressure rating of -60 kPa and a maximum gauge pressure rating of 4,2 MPa, for use in, on or in association with, equipment. The equipment may use electricity, gas, oil, solid fuel, solar thermal energy, etc. or a combination thereof. This standard is also applicable to individual pressure sensing controls utilized as part of a control system or pressure sensing controls which are mechanically integral with multi-functional controls having non-electrical outputs. Automatic electrical pressure sensing controls for equipment used by the public, such as equipment intended to be used by laymen in shops, in light industry and on farms, are within the scope of this standard. This standard does not apply to pressure sensing controls intended exclusively for industrial process applications unless explicitly mentioned in the relevant equipment standard. This standard applies to inherent safety, operating values, operating sequences where such are associated with equipment protection, and to the testing of automatic electrical pressure sensing controls used in, on or in association with equipment. This standard is also applicable to the functional safety of low complexity safety related pressure sensing controls and systems. This standard is also applicable to pressure sensing controls for appliances within the scope of IEC 60335-1. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2007. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - aligns the text with IEC 60730-1, Edition 5; - modifies requirements for Class B control function (H.27.1.2.2); - modifies requirements for Class C control function (H.27.1.2.3) and - modifies requirements for faults during lock-out or safety- shut-down. Key words: sensing controls, control systems, pressure sensing
IEC 60730-2-7:2015(E) applies to timers and time switches for household and similar use that may use electricity, gas, oil, solid fuel, solar thermal energy, etc. or a combination thereof, including heating, air conditioning and similar applications. This standard is also applicable to individual timers utilized as part of a control system or timers which are mechanically integral with multifunctional controls having non-electrical outputs. This standard does not apply to time-delay switches (TDS) within the scope of IEC 60669-2-3. This standard applies to the inherent safety, to the operating characteristics where such are associated with equipment protection and to the testing of timers used in appliances and other apparatus, electrical and non-electrical, for household and similar purposes, but also extended to industrial purposes when no dedicated product standards exist, such as that for central heating, air conditioning, process heating, etc. Timers for equipment not intended for normal household use, but which nevertheless may be used by the public, such as equipment intended to be used by laymen in shops, in light industry and on farms, are within the scope of this standard. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2008. This third edition constitutes a technical revision. This new edition revises the compliance criteria of type 1.S and 2.S action, revises the requirements for filament lamp loads, adds requirements for abnormal operation in Annex H, removes some special requirements for single countries as well as updates the standard to IEC 60730-1:2010, fourth edition. Key words: Timers, Time Switches
IEC 60730-2-11:2019 is available as IEC 60730-2-11:2019 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition. IEC 60730-2-11:2019 applies to energy regulators for use in, on, or in association with equipment, including energy regulators for heating, air conditioning and similar applications. The equipment may use electricity, gas, oil, solid fuel, solar thermal energy, etc. or a combination thereof. This standard applies to the inherent safety, to the operating values, operating times and operating sequence where these are associated with equipment safety, and to the testing of automatic electrical energy regulator devices used in, or in association with, equipment. This standard is also applicable to energy regulators for appliances within the scope of IEC 60335-1. Throughout this standard the word “equipment” means “appliance and equipment”. This standard also applies to automatic electrical energy regulators for equipment that may be used by the public, such as equipment intended to be used in shops, offices, hospitals, farms and commercial and industrial applications. This standard does not apply to automatic electrical energy regulators designed exclusively for industrial process applications unless explicitly mentioned in the equipment standard. This standard does not apply to equipment that are specifically within the scope of building automation equipment. This standard is also applicable to individual energy regulators utilized as part of a control system or energy regulators which are mechanically integral with multi-functional controls having non-electrical outputs. This standard applies to controls powered by primary or secondary batteries, requirements for which are contained within the standard, including Annex V This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2006. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) revision to the title to remove “for household and similar use”; b) changes to the scope and related modifications; c) changes to definitions in Annex H. This Part 2-11 is intended to be used in conjunction with IEC 60730 1. It was established on the basis of the fifth edition of that standard (2013) including Amendment 1 (2015). Consideration may be given to future editions of, or amendments to, IEC 60730-1. Keywords: Automatic Controls, Energy Regulators, Control Systems
IEC 60730-2-13:2017 applies to automatic electrical humidity sensing controls for use in, on or in association with equipment, including controls for heating, air-conditioning and similar applications. The equipment may use electricity, gas, oil, solid fuel, solar thermal energy, etc. or a combination thereof. This Standard is applicable to automatic electrical humidity sensing controls forming part of a building automation control system within the scope of ISO 16484. This standard also applies to automatic electrical humidity sensing controls for equipment that may be used by the public, such as equipment intended to be used in shops, offices, hospitals, farms and commercial and industrial applications. This standard does not apply to automatic electrical humidity sensing controls intended exclusively for industrial process applications unless explicitly mentioned in the equipment standard. This standard applies to automatic electrical controls, mechanically or electrically operated, responsive to or controlling humidity. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2006. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes alignment with the text of 60730-1 fifth edition and the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - alignment of the EMC requirements in Clause H.26 to those in other part 2 standards; - addition of requirements in Clause H.27 to cover class B and C control functions of humidity sensing controls. This Part 2-13 is intended to be used in conjunction with IEC 60730 1. It was established on the basis of the fifth edition of that standard (2013). Consideration may be given to future editions of, or amendments to, IEC 60730-1. This Part 2-13 supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 60730-1, so as to convert that publication into the IEC standard: Particular requirements for humidity sensing controls. Where this Part 2-13 states "addition", "modification" or "replacement", the relevant requirement, test specification or explanatory matter in Part 1 should be adapted accordingly. Where no change is necessary, this Part 2-13 indicates that the relevant clause or subclause applies.
IEC 60730-2-14: 2025 applies to automatic electric actuators • for use in, on, or in association with equipment for household appliance and similar use; NOTE 1 Throughout this document, the word "equipment" means "appliance and equipment" and "control" means "electric actuator". EXAMPLE 1 Electric actuators for appliances within the scope of IEC 60335. • for building automation within the scope of ISO 16484 series and IEC 63044 series (HBES/BACS); EXAMPLE 2 Independently mounted electric actuators for use in smart grid systems and for building automation systems within the scope of ISO 16484-2. for equipment that is used by the public, such as equipment intended to be used in shops, offices, hospitals, farms and commercial and industrial applications; EXAMPLE 3 Electric actuators for commercial catering, heating, and air-conditioning equipment. • that are smart enabled; • that are AC or DC powered electric actuators with a rated voltage not exceeding 690 V AC or 600 V DC; • used in, on, or in association with equipment that use electricity, gas, oil, solid fuel, solar thermal energy, etc., or a combination thereof; • utilized as part of a control system or controls which are mechanically integral with multifunctional controls having non-electrical outputs; • using NTC or PTC thermistors and to discrete thermistors, requirements for which are contained in Annex J; • that are mechanically or electrically operated, responsive to or controlling such characteristics as temperature, pressure, passage of time, humidity, light, electrostatic effects, flow, or liquid level, current, voltage, acceleration, or combinations thereof; as well as manual controls when such are electrically and/or mechanically integral with automatic controls. NOTE 2 Requirements for manually actuated mechanical switches not forming part of an automatic control are contained in IEC 61058-1-1. This document applies to – the inherent safety of automatic electric actuators, and – functional safety of automatic electric actuators and safety related systems, – controls where the performance (for example the effect of EMC phenomena) of the product can impair the overall safety and performance of the controlled system, – the operating values, operating times, and operating sequences where such are associated with equipment safety. This document specifies the requirements for construction, operation and testing of automatic electric actuators used in, on, or in association with an equipment. This document does not • apply to automatic electric actuators intended exclusively for industrial process applications unless explicitly mentioned in the relevant part 2 or the equipment standard. However, this document can be applied to evaluate automatic electric actuators intended specifically for industrial applications in cases where no relevant safety standard exists; • take into account the response value of an automatic action of an electric actuator, if such a response value is dependent upon the method of mounting the electric actuator in the equipment. Where a response value is of significant purpose for the protection of the user, or surroundings, the value defined in the appropriate equipment standard or as determined by the manufacturer will apply; • address the integrity of the output signal to the network devices, such as interoperability with other devices unless it has been evaluated as part of the control system; • apply to electric actuators which are mechanically integrated with valves covered by a separate part 2 (e.g. IEC 60730-2-8); • apply to electric motors, requirements for which are contained in IEC 60034. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: Adoption of IEC 60730-1:2022 with all its significant changes to IEC 60730-1:2013, IEC 60730 1:2013/AMD1:2015 and IEC 60730-1:2013/AMD2:2020.
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for materials used in preformed rubber seals that contact the circulating liquid in solar energy systems. Particular applications may necessitate other requirements that would take precedence over these requirements when specified. 1.2 This specification does not include requirements pertaining to the design, fabrication, or installation of the seals. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for materials used in rubber seals of flat-plate solar collectors, except vertically mounted passive collectors. Particular applications may necessitate other requirements that would take precedence over these requirements when specified. 1.2 The design requirement pertains only to permissible deflections of the rubber during thermal expansion or contraction of the seal in use and the tolerances in dimensions of molded and extruded seals. 1.3 This specification does not include requirements pertaining to the fabrication or installation of the seals. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to Section 9 , Test Methods, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining the ability of cover plates for flat-plate solar collectors to withstand impact forces of falling hail. Propelled ice balls are used to simulate falling hailstones. This practice is not intended to apply to photovoltaic cells or arrays. 1.2 This practice defines two types of test specimens, describes methods for mounting specimens, specifies impact locations on each test specimen, provides an equation for determining the velocity of any size ice ball, provides a method for impacting the test specimens with ice balls, and specifies parameters that must be recorded and reported. 1.3 This practice does not establish pass or fail levels. The determination of acceptable or unacceptable levels of ice-ball impact resistance is beyond the scope of this practice. 1.4 The size of ice ball to be used in conducting this test is not specified in this practice. This practice can be used with various sizes of ice balls. 1.5 The categories of solar collector cover plate materials to which this practice may be applied cover the range of: 1.5.1 Brittle sheet, such as glass, 1.5.2 Semirigid sheet, such as plastic, and 1.5.3 Flexible membrane, such as plastic film. 1.6 Solar collector cover materials should be tested as: 1.6.1 Part of an assembled collector (Type 1 specimen), or 1.6.2 Mounted on a separate test frame cover plate holder (Type 2 specimen). 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for the rubber seals used in solar energy systems employing air-heat transport. Examples are duct and damper seals. Particular applications may necessitate other requirements that would take precedence over these requirements when specified. Note 1: Rubber seals for the collector are covered in Specifications D3667 and D3771 . 1.2 Design requirement pertains only to permissible deflections of the rubber during thermal expansion or contraction of the seal in use and the tolerances in dimensions of molded and extruded seals. 1.3 This specification does not include requirements pertaining to the fabrication or installation of the seals. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 10 , of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for materials used in rubber seals of concentrating solar collectors. Particular applications may necessitate other requirements that would take precedence over these requirements when specified. 1.2 Design requirement pertains only to permissible deflections of the rubber during thermal expansion or contraction of the seal in use and the tolerances in dimensions of molded and extruded seals. 1.3 This specification does not include requirements pertaining to the fabrication or installation of the seals. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 9 , of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This is the first edition of IAPMO/ANSI S1001.1, Design and Installation of Solar Water Heating Systems. The Florida Solar Energy Center Standard FSEC Standard 104-10 was used in the development of this Standard. This Standard was developed by the IAPMO S1001 Technical Subcommittee and approved by the IAPMO Solar Standards Committee in accordance with the ANSI Essential Requirements: Due process requirements for American National Standards and IAPMO Policies and Procedures for Consensus Development of American National Standards. This Standard was approved as an American National Standard on November 26, 2013.
This ANSI-approved standard establishes minimum criteria for the design and installation of solar water heating systems. It describes requirements for solar water heating system design and evaluation. The requirements in the ICC 900/SRCC 300-2020 update and expand the previous edition to include photovoltaic water heaters, consolidate marking and labeling, and clarify electrical and fire safety requirements. This latest version has been correlated for consistency with the latest model plumbing and mechanical codes in use.
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for the exposure of solar collector cover materials to the natural weather environment at elevated temperatures that approximate stagnation conditions in solar collectors having a combined back and edge loss coefficient of less than 1.5 W/(m 2 ·°C). 1.2 This practice is suitable for exposure of both glass and plastic solar collector cover materials. Provisions are made for exposure of single and double cover assemblies to accommodate the need for exposure of both inner and outer solar collector cover materials. 1.3 This practice does not apply to cover materials for evacuated collectors, photovoltaic cells, flat-plate collectors having a combined back and edge loss coefficient greater than 1.5 W/(m 2 ·°C), or flat-plate collectors whose design incorporates means for limiting temperatures during stagnation. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ISO 22975-3:2014 is applicable to the determination of the long term behaviour and service life of selective solar absorbers for use in vented flat plate solar collectors working under conditions corresponding to that in a typical solar domestic hot water system or combisystem. ISO 22975-3:2014 specifies a failure criterion of a solar absorber based on changes in optical performance of the absorber. The optical properties of interest are solar absorptance and thermal emittance. ISO 22975-3:2014 specifies durability testing procedures focused on resistance to high temperatures and condensation of water on the absorber surface as well as high humidity in the presence of sulfur dioxide.
1.1 This practice provides descriptions of solar domestic water heating systems and sets forth installation and service practices in new and existing one- and two-family dwellings to help ensure adequate operation and safety. 2 , 3 1.2 This practice applies regardless of the fraction of heating requirement supplied by solar energy, the type of conventional fuel used in conjunction with solar, or the heat transfer fluid (or fluids) used as the energy transport medium. However, where more stringent requirements are recommended by the manufacturer, these manufacturer requirements shall prevail. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Sections 6 and 7 . 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This practice sets forth a testing methodology for evaluating the properties of thermal insulation materials to be used in solar collectors with concentration ratios of less than 10. Tests are given herein to evaluate the pH, surface burning characteristics, moisture adsorption, water absorption, thermal resistance, linear shrinkage (or expansion), hot surface performance, and accelerated aging. This practice provides a test for surface burning characteristics but does not provide a methodology for determining combustibility performance of thermal insulation materials. 1.2 The tests shall apply to blanket, rigid board, loose-fill, and foam thermal insulation materials used in solar collectors. Other thermal insulation materials shall be tested in accordance with the provisions set forth herein and should not be excluded from consideration. 1.3 The assumption is made that elevated temperature, moisture, and applied stresses are the primary factors contributing to the degradation of thermal insulation materials used in solar collectors. 1.4 Solar radiation is not considered a contributing factor since insulating materials are not normally exposed to it. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of thermal performance of tracking concentrating solar collectors that heat fluids for use in thermal systems. 1.2 This test method applies to one- or two-axis tracking reflecting concentrating collectors in which the fluid enters the collector through a single inlet and leaves the collector through a single outlet, and to those collectors where a single inlet and outlet can be effectively provided, such as into parallel inlets and outlets of multiple collector modules. 1.3 This test method is intended for those collectors whose design is such that the effects of diffuse irradiance on performance is negligible and whose performance can be characterized in terms of direct irradiance. Note 1: For purposes of clarification, this method shall apply to collectors with a geometric concentration ratio of seven or greater. 1.4 The collector may be tested either as a thermal collection subsystem where the effects of tracking errors have been essentially removed from the thermal performance, or as a system with the manufacturer-supplied tracking mechanism. 1.4.1 The tests appear as follows: 1.5 This test method is not intended for and may not be applicable to phase-change or thermosyphon collectors, to any collector under operating conditions where phase-change occurs, to fixed mirror-tracking receiver collectors, or to central receivers. 1.6 This test method is for outdoor testing only, under clear sky, quasi-steady state conditions. 1.7 Selection and preparation of the collector (sampling method, preconditioning, mounting, alignment, etc.), calculation of efficiency, and manipulation of the data generated through use of this standard for rating purposes are beyond the scope of this test method, and are expected to be covered elsewhere. 1.8 This test method does not provide a means of determining the durability or the reliability of any collector or component. 1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
IEC 60703-1:2022 applies to automatic electrical controls for use in, on, or in association with equipment for household appliance and similar use. This document applies to - the inherent safety of automatic electrical controls, and - functional safety of automatic electrical controls and safety related systems, - controls where the performance (for example the effect of EMC phenomena) of the product can impair the overall safety and performance of the controlled system, - the operating values, operating times, and operating sequences where such are associated with equipment safety. This document specifies the requirements for construction, operation and testing of automatic electrical controls used in, on, or in association with an equipment.
"IEC/TS 62727:2012(E) provides guidelines for the parameters to be specified for solar trackers for photovoltaic systems and provides recommendations for measurement techniques. The purpose of this test specification is to define the performance characteristics of trackers and describe the methods to calculate and/or measure critical parameters. This specification provides industry-wide definitions and parameters for solar trackers. Keywords: solar photovoltaic energy, solar trackers "
IEC 60269-6:2010 gives supplementary requirement to those given in IEC 60269-1 for fuse-links for protecting photovoltaic (PV) strings and photovoltaic (PV) arrays in equipment for circuits of nominal voltages up to 1 500 V d.c. This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60269-1:2006 .
This standard serves to supplement the provisions set forth for air-based collectors in the Uniform Solar Energy Code. This standard sets forth minimum standards for materials used in the construction of air-based solar collectors, the design of the air passage, and structural load ratings of the completed product. Methods of marking and identification are also covered by the standard. This standard is not intended to be a specification guide nor is it intended to restrict design.
This standard covers the test methods and performance requirements, together with the method of marking and identification.
This standard covers the definitions, general requirements, test methods and performance requirements, together with the method of marking and identification.
This Technical Report provides a discussion of the parameters that have a bearing on the internal corrosion of solar water heating systems. The following topics are not dealt with: problems of compatibility between polymeric materials (plastics and rubber) and fluids; corrosion risks concerning the enclosure and the external surface of the absorber; safety and health questions.