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The Acoustical Society of America (ASA)’s bioacoustics standards include the S3 and S12 series, which cover topics relating to the effects of sound and vibrational waves on the human body. Two popular standards listed here are ASA/ANSI S3.1 and 3.6. 3.1 is the standard for audiometric test rooms, and covers the various sound thresholds needed to qualify such a room. 3.6 is the specifications for audiometers that are designed for determining the hearing threshold of an individual person in comparison with a reference ambience level.
Specifies an engineering method for calculating the attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors in order to predict the levels of environmental noise at a distance from a variety of sources. The method predicts the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level (as described in parts 1 to 3 of ISO 1996) under meteorological conditions favorable to propagation from sources of known sound emission.
This standard describes the measurement systems, procedures, and methodologies used for the beam aspect measurement of underwater sound pressure levels from ships for a given operating condition. The resulting quantities are reported as nominal source level values in one-third octave bands. It does not require the use of a specific ocean location, but the requirements for an ocean test site are provided. The underwater sound pressure level measurements are performed in the far-field and then corrected to a reference distance of 1 m. This standard is applicable to any and all surface vessels either manned or unmanned. This standard is not applicable to submerged vessels or to aircraft. Measurement systems are described for measurement of underwater sound pressure levels and also the distance or range between the underwater transducers and the subject vessel. Processing and reporting of the data are described, and informational guidance is provided. This standard does not specify or provide guidance on underwater noise criteria.
This standard defines a simple numerical method for rating the expected speech-interfering aspects of noise using acoustical measurements of the noise.
This standard describes instrumentation and procedures for the pre-installation measurement and analysis of airborne noise generated by shipboard equipment. Maximum noise level criteria are presented for several types of equipment. This standard may be used in the achievement of shipboard noise goals through the timely and affordable airborne noise testing of shipboard equipment before it is delivered and installed.
This standard specifies three methods, in ascending order of complexity of use and potential accuracy, for the estimation of the sound pressure levels that are effective when a hearing protector is worn. The application of the procedures in turn requires an estimate of the real-ear attenuation of the device for groups of users and an estimate of the noise levels to which the users are exposed. The simplest method is the Noise Level Reduction Statistic for use with A-weighting (NRSA) that can be directly subtracted from an A-weighted sound level or sound exposure estimate. A more accurate procedure is the Noise Level Reduction Statistic, Graphical (NRSG) that requires measurements of both the A- and C-weighted sound levels or exposures, and the application of a set of graphical data. Potentially the most accurate approach is the octave-band method utilizing the octave-band real-ear attenuation and noise measurement data. Each of the simplified ratings, the NRSA and NRSG, is to be computed at both the 80th and 20th percentiles to reflect the range of performance to be expected based on the variation in the attenuation data.
This Standard specifies an alternative test procedure to produce horn sound level data equivalent to that produced by the in situ procedure in 49 CFR Part 229.129.
Provides a relationship between speech privacy descriptors and speech privacy expectations for various enclosed and open-plan healthcare spaces. Descriptors used to characterize speech privacy expectation are the articulation index (AI)1 and the privacy index (PI).This standard also provides design criteria for achieving acceptable speech privacy in healthcare facilities including treatment rooms, clinicians’ offices, pharmacies, reception/waiting areas, etc.This standard provides covered entities, architectural design teams, acoustical consultants, and regulators guidelines and objective criteria for designing healthcare facilities that provide sufficient speech privacy to protect personal health information (PHI) as required by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).The standard also provides general guidance on the relationship between expectations of speech privacy and objective descriptors used to evaluate speech privacy.
Assesses the reactions of humans to vibrations of 1 to 80 Hz inside buildings by use of degrees of perception and associated vibration levels and durations. Accelerations or velocities inside buildings may be measured to assess perceptibility and possible adverse reactions from those inside. A variety of building types and situations are covered by the use of multiplying factors applied to the basic curves. Responses are related to the event durations, frequencies of vibration, and body orientation with respect to the vibration. Adherence to the vibration magnitudes corresponding to the perceptibility threshold ensures minimum discomfort and annoyance.
This part of ANSI S2.72 / ISO 2631 defines methods for the measurement of periodic, random and transient whole-body vibration. It indicates the principal factors that combine to determine the degree to which a vibration exposure will be acceptable. Informative annexes indicate current opinion and provide guidance on the possible effects of vibration on health, comfort and perception and motion sickness. The frequency range considered is 0.5 Hz to 80 Hz for health, comfort and perception and 0.1 Hz to 0.5 Hz for motion sickness. Although the potential effects on human performance are not covered, most of the guidance on wholebody vibration measurement also applies to this area. This part of ANSI S2.72 / ISO 2631 also defines the principles of preferred methods of mounting transducers for determining human exposure. It does not apply to the evaluation of extreme-magnitude single shocks such as occur in vehicle accidents. This part of ANSI S2.72 / ISO 2631 is applicable to motions transmitted to the human body as a whole through the supporting surfaces: the feet of a standing person, the buttocks, back and feet of a seated person or the supporting area of a recumbent person. This type of vibration is found in vehicles, in machinery, in buildings and in the vicinity of working machinery. Amendment 1 to ANSI S2.72-2002/Part 1 / ISO 2631-1:1997 (R2023) provides numerous updates.
This American National Standard specifies a method for the laboratory measurement, data analysis, and reporting of the vibration transmissibility of a glove with a vibration-reducing material that covers the palm, fingers, and thumb of the hand. ANSI/ASA S2.73-2014 / ISO 10819:2013 specifies vibration transmissibility in terms of vibration transmitted from a handle through a glove to the palm of the hand in hrough a glove to the palm of the hand in one-third-octave frequency bands with center frequencies of 25 Hz to 1,250 Hz.
This document is an amendment to ANSI/ASA S2.73-2014/ISO 10819:2013 (R2019). The committee has decided that the contents of this amendment and the base publication will remain unchanged until the ISO stability date indicated on the ISO website in the data related to this publication. Since these documents are identical national adoptions, ASA will follow the same process.
This American National Standard specifies a method for the laboratory measurement, data analysis, and reporting of the vibration transmissibility of a glove with a vibration-reducing material that covers the palm, fingers, and thumb of the hand. ANSI/ASA S2.73-2014 / ISO 10819:2013 specifies vibration transmissibility in terms of vibration transmitted from a handle through a glove to the palm of the hand in hrough a glove to the palm of the hand in one-third-octave frequency bands with center frequencies of 25 Hz to 1,250 Hz.
Establishes methodology consistent with industry best practices for the measurement, analysis, and correction of alignment of shafts on rotating machinery coupled by means of a flexible coupling where such shafts are supported by two bearings in independent, horizontally mounted machine cases. Electric motors driving a pump, fan, or similar machine are examples of this type of machinery. Rigidly coupled machines are outside of the scope of Part 1 of this standard.
The purpose of this standard is to define terminology unique to the alignment of machinery that has been in common use among engineers and technicians working in the field. Words and phrases are presented in alphabetical order. This vocabulary is intended to be used with the ANSI/ASA S2.75 series Shaft Alignment Methodology.
This standard establishes methodology consistent with industry best practices for the measurement, analysis, and correction of alignment of shafts on vertically oriented rotating machinery coupled by either flexible or rigid type couplings. Examples of different types of vertically oriented pumps are discussed but the measurement, analysis, and correction principles will apply to any type of rotating machinery where the shafts are oriented in a position other than pure horizontal. The standard addresses conditions for machinery mounting, acceptability criteria for spigot fits on machine casings, and acceptability guidelines for vertically oriented shafts with rigid couplings. Ancilliary information is provided in five Annexes.
This Standard specifies maximum permissible ambient noise levels (MPANLs) allowed in an audiometric test room that produce negligible masking ( 2 dB) of test signals presented at reference equivalent threshold levels specified in ANSI S3.6-1996 American National Standard Specification of Audiometers. The MPANLs are specified from 125 to 8000 Hz in octave and one-third octave band intervals for two audiometric testing conditions (ears covered and ears not covered) and for three test frequency ranges (125 to 8000 Hz, 250 to 8000 Hz, and 500 to 8000 Hz). The Standard is intended for use by all persons testing hearing and for distributors, installers, designers, and manufacturers of audiometric test rooms. This standard is a revision of ANSI S3.1-1991 American National Standard Maximum Permissible Ambient Noise Levels for Audiometric Test Rooms.
This standard specifies requirements for mechanical couplers used for calibrating bone-conduction audiometers and making measurements on bone vibrators and bone-conduction hearing aids. Specific design features are given for the mechanical coupler when driven by a vibrator with a prescribed plane circular tip area and applied with a specific static force. An appendix provides an example of a specific construction of a mechanical coupler.
Provides definitions for terms used in human bioacoustics. Some additional general terms for measurement and instruments related to applications in psychoacoustics are also provided.
This Standard provides a procedure for pure-tone audiometry that will serve the needs of persons conducting threshold measurements in industry, schools, medical settings, and other areas where valid audiometric threshold measurements are needed.
This standard specifies a method for subjectively evaluating the speech intelligibility of communication systems. The standard specifies validated English word lists for performing the tests. The standard also specifies methods for selecting and training the talkers and listeners, for designing, controlling, and reporting the test conditions, and for calculating the intelligibility score, and for analyzing and reporting the test results.
This standard describes measurement methods for air-conduction hearing aids suitable for specification and quality testing purposes. Test methods described include output sound pressure level with a 90 dB input level, full-on gain, frequency response, harmonic distortion, equivalent input noise, current drain, and induction-coil sensitivity. Tolerance limits in relation to values specified by the manufacturer are also provided for these parameters. A normative annex describes calibration of the sound source. Informative annexes provide information about magnetic field generation, characteristics of battery simulators, additional tests to evaluate the electroacoustic performance of hearing aids, and information about measurement uncertainty for quality assurance.
The acoustical performance of an occluded ear simulator is specified. This device is designed to simulate the acoustical behavior of the ear canal between the tip of an ear mold and the eardrum, including the acoustic impedance at the eardrum of a median adult human ear. The occluded ear simulator is intended for transducers that are sensitive to acoustic load. It is also suitable as the basis for extensions intended to simulate the complete ear canal and the outer ear (e.g., head and torso simulators). Specific physical realizations of the ear simulator are described.
This standard describes techniques used to measure hearing aids under simulated conditions of real ear use.For the purpose of these measurements, a standard manikin and ear simulator are used to represent a typical hearing aid wearer. Acoustical requirements of the test space as well as how the manikin is positioned with respect to the sound source are given. Two methods are presented to control the level of the incident sound field during the testing. Procedures are provided to obtain both the aided gain and the insertion gain, in order to determine the increase in sound pressure relative to the unaided condition, with and without the acoustical effect of the manikin. Procedures are also provided to obtain the directional response of the hearing aid on the manikin as a function of azimuth and elevation of the sound source, and to calculate the directivity index from the directional response.
The present standard describes a manikin for airborne acoustic measurements. It comprises a head with external ears and ear canals, and a torso that simulates a median human adult. It is intended primarily as an instrument for measuring the response of acoustical devices under simulated in situ conditions. Acoustical performance requirements are given as well as informative geometric descriptions.
This standard applies only to those postauricular hearing aids which utilize screw-on threads.
The instruments covered by this standard are designed primarily for the measurement of acoustic impedance, acoustic admittance, or both quantities, within the human external auditory meatus. The standard is concerned with the parameters and tolerances of instruments used for measurement of aural acoustic impedance and aural acoustic admittance when the prob-tone frequency is 226Hz. It is not within the scope of this standard to establish normative values for human ears.
Within this standard four types of instruments are classified according to the types of measurements that they can perform and according to their features, tolerances, and ranges.
This Standard specifies the characteristics of acoustic signals to be used for audible emergency evacuation (E2) and audible evacuation signals with relocation instructions (ESRI). It applies to the audible signal only and not to the signaling system components or equipment. The use of these signals either as the only audible means of signaling or as a part of a voice message is subject to the requirements of governing laws, codes or other standards.
This standard specifies a procedure for calculating the monaural and binaural loudness of steady sounds as perceived by listeners with normal hearing. The procedure is based on the spectra of the sounds. The possible sounds include simple and complex tones (both harmonic and inharmonic), bands of noise and mixtures of tones and noise. The spectra can be specified exactly, in terms of the frequencies and levels of individual spectral components, or approximately, in terms of the levels in 1/3 octave bands covering center frequencies from 50 to 16,000 Hz. The standard is applicable to sounds presented in free field with a frontal incidence, in a diffuse field, or listening via headphones.
The purpose of this document is to define a test method with which to characterize the steady-state frequency response and input/output characteristics of hearing aids as the input level varies. This method is particularly useful for those haring aids that have automatic gain control or other types of adaptive circuitry.
Specifies a test signal designed to represent normal speech, the International Speech Test Signal (ISTS), together with the procedures and the requirements for measuring the characteristics of signal processing in air-conduction hearing aids. The measurements are used to derive the estimated insertion gain (EIG). For the purposes of characterizing a hearing aid for production, supply and delivery, the procedures and requirements to derive the coupler gain on a 2 cm3 coupler as defined in IEC 60318-5 are also specified.
ANSI/ASA S3.44 2016/Part 1/ISO 1999:2013 (MOD) specifies a method for calculating the expected noise induced permanent threshold shift in the hearing threshold levels of adult populations due to various levels and durations of noise exposure; it provides the basis for calculating hearing disability according to various formulae when the hearing threshold levels at commonly measured audiometric frequencies, or combinations of such frequencies, exceed a certain value. This modified standard allows an equivalent effective level (EEL), with a different exchange rate, to be substituted for LEX,8h.
This Standard defines procedures for performing and reporting a battery of tests for the evaluation of human vestibular function. Six different tests are specified. Stimuli are presented to evoke eye movement by a subject whose response is determined either by measurement of electrical signals generated by the eye movements or by image processing methods applied to video eye movements. The Standard specifies test procedures, measurements, data analysis, and data reporting requirements. These tests, including the data analysis and reporting procedures, are called the Basic Vestibular Function Test Battery. Test interpretation is not a part of this Standard.
This Standard provides definitions for terms used in the measurement of real-ear performance characteristics of hearing aids, provides procedural and reporting guidelines, and identifies essential characteristics to be reported by the manufacturer of equipment used for this purpose. Acceptable tolerances for the control and measurement of sound pressure levels are indicated. Where possible, sources of error have been identified and suggestions provided for their management.
This standard provides methods for evaluation of hearing assistance devices/systems (HADS) that are packaged for individual use and deliver the signal via air conduction to the user. Among the test methods described are family of response curves, output sound pressure curve for 90-dB sound pressure level input, frequency range, total harmonic distortion, noise level with no input, static and dynamic AGC characteristics, and gain control linearity. The measurements are similar to those described in ANSI/ASA S3.22-2009 American National Standard Specification of Hearing Aid Characteristics.
This Standard is to be used for testing the speech intelligibility of text-to-speech systems, providing a measure of human listeners’ recovery of words that correspond to the intended phonemic content of speech created by the system. Listeners are tasked to record the words or sentences they hear. Scoring may be either at the word or segment level. A normalized edit distance of the response from the intended message is the measure of the system’s speech intelligibility. This Standard specifies methods for selecting test material, which may depend on the purpose and constraints of the test. The Standard also specifies methods for selecting and training the listeners; for designing, controlling, and reporting the test conditions; and for analyzing and reporting the test results. The Standard also provides background material, important for designing the test. Informative software is provided to assist the user in creating stimuli and scoring the test results. Use of the software is not mandatory.
This Standard defines a method for computing a physical measure that is highly correlated with the intelligibility of speech as evaluated by speech perception tests given a group of talkers and listeners. This measure is called the Speech Intelligibility Index, or SII. The SII is calculated from acoustical measurements of speech and noise. This standard is not a substitute for ANSI S3.2-1989 (A 1995) American National Standard Method for Measuring the Intelligibility of Speech over Communication Systems.
The standard covers requirements, conditions, and procedures for threshold-of-hearing measurements in a sound field. However, the standard may also be used for conducting other sound-field hearing tests and as a research tool for assessing the effects of listening conditions and headgear worn by the listener on detectability of various test signals. Three sound fields are referenced in the standard: the free sound field, the quasi-free sound field, and the diffuse sound field. The test signals covered by the standard are frequency-modulated tones (warble tones) and narrow-band noises. However, other calibrated signals that meet requirements of this standard may also be used. The standard applies to binaural Iistening to test signals presented by one or more loudspeakers in a test room. Monaural air conduction hearing thresholds may also be determined if the opposite ear can be properly occluded. Special application of the standard to the assessment of spatial hearing is presented in Annex B.
Specifies an ear simulator for the measurement of supra-aural and circumaural earphones (used for example in audiometry and telephonometry) applied to the ear without acoustical leakage, in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 10 kHz. The same device can be used as an acoustic coupler at additional frequencies up to 16 kHz.
This part of ANSI/ASA S3.55 / IEC 60318 describes an acoustic coupler for loading an earphone or hearing aid with a specified acoustic impedance when determining its physical performance characteristics, in the frequency range 125 Hz to 8 kHz. It is suitable for air conduction hearing aids and earphones, coupled to the ear by means of ear inserts e.g. ear molds or similar devices. The sound pressure developed by an earphone is not, in general, the same in the coupler as in a person's ear. However, it can be used as a simple and ready means for the exchange of specifications and of physical data on hearing aids and for the calibration of specified insert earphones used in audiometry.
This standard specifies an acoustic coupler for objective and reproducible measurements of supraaural audiometric earphones in the frequency range from 125 Hz to 8000 Hz. The results of these measurements can be used for specifying reference equivalent threshold sound pressure levels (RETSPL) for the calibration of audiometers.
This part of IEC 60318 describes an acoustic coupler for loading a hearing aid or insert earphone with a specified acoustic impedance when testing its acoustic performance, in the frequency range up to 16 kHz. It is suitable for air-conduction hearing aids and earphones, coupled to the ear by means of ear inserts, earmoulds or similar devices.
The audiometers covered in this specification are devices designed for use in determining the hearing threshold level of an individual in comparison with a chosen standard reference threshold level. This standard provides specifications and tolerances for pure tone, speech, and masking signals and describes the minimum test capabilities of different types of audiometers.
The methods described in this standard provide data which may be used for assessment of sound localization performance open ear and with head-worn devices using human subjects. The standard describes three measurement methods: 1) a low-complexity method using 8 loudspeakers to measure location discrimination performance; 2) a more complex, more robust method to measure localization error using 36 loudspeakers; and 3) a method to measure the functional impact of degraded localization cues on visual search time with 36 loudspeakers. The standard specifies subject qualification criteria, test space acoustic requirements, details of the three methods, and reporting requirements. The standard does not provide guidance for measuring localization performance for elevation or for clinical spatial audiometry.
The electroacoustic test methods described in this standard are primarily for use with circumaural (overthe- ear), supra-aural (against-the-ear) and insert (ear-canal) type earphones, but may be applied to other types as well. Although these methods are generally applicable to earphones for all uses, the most common application of these methods are for earphones intended for hearing aids and audiometric testing and for receivers or other electroacoustic transducers intended for use in an earphone. In all cases, connection to the device under test is analog electrical; Digital, USB, or wireless systems are not considered. For additional requirements and tests for earphones for consumer audio applications, reference is made to IEC 60268-7.
This standard specifies measurement procedures for characterizing residual sound levels in protected natural areas and quiet residential areas.
This Technical Report presents the outcome of a Working Group that was established to determine broadly applicable sound exposure guidelines for fishes and sea turtles. After consideration of the diversity of fish and sea turtles, guidelines were developed for broad groups of animals, defined by the way they detect sound. Different sound sources were considered in terms of their acoustic characteristics and appropriate metrics defined for measurement of the received levels. The resultant sound exposure guidelines are presented in a set of tables. In some cases numerical guidelines are provided, expressed in appropriate metrics. When there were insufficient data to support numerical values, the relative likelihood of effects occurring was evaluated, although the actual likelihood of effects depends on the received level. These sound exposure guidelines, which are based on the best scientific information at the time of writing, should be treated as interim. The expectation is that with more research, the guidelines can be refined and more cells in the tables completed. Recommendations are put forward defining the research requirements of highest priority for extending these interim exposure guidelines.
This standard describes measurement procedures for obtaining audiograms in odontocete cetaceans (i.e., toothed whales) via evoked potential methods, specifically by generation of the auditory steady-state response (ASSR). Methods are specified for the use of sinusoidally amplitude-modulated (SAM) tones and trains of tone bursts. It further establishes standards for reporting data collection methods, analyses, and hearing thresholds.