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Metal Bonding

Test method standards for automotive and aerospace adhesives address test methods for a variety of adhesives, including metal bonding adhesives, hot melt pressure sensitive archive adhesives, their working properties, and other properties. Particular attention is paid to the testing of the strength and durability of the adhesives. These standards are related to the different physical properties of adhesives that bond metal, as well as their required specifications under normal working conditions.

ASTM D1002-10(2019)

Standard Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal)

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent shear strengths of adhesives for bonding metals when tested on a standard single-lap-joint specimen and under specified conditions of preparation and test. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1062-08(2015)

Standard Test Method for Cleavage Strength of Metal-to-Metal Adhesive Bonds

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative cleavage properties of adhesive bonds when tested on standard shape metal specimens under specified conditions of preparation and testing. It may be used also to compare adhesives used with other metallic materials having any specified surface treatment. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM D1184-98(2020)

Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Adhesive Bonded Laminated Assemblies

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative properties of either metal or wood adhesive bonded assemblies when subjected to flexural stresses with standard shape specimens and under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, relative humidity, and testing technique. The test specimen and testing technique were designed to develop a large portion of shear forces between the laminae of the test piece when the load is applied, rather than to reduce shear stress to a minimum as is done in other ASTM test methods for flexural properties. This method is not applicable to assemblies made with nonrigid adherends. The data obtained are not suitable for design work. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information purposes. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1304-99(2020)e1

Standard Test Methods for Adhesives Relative to Their Use as Electrical Insulation

1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing adhesives in liquid, highly viscous, solid, or set states, that are intended to be cured by electronic heating, or that are intended to provide electrical insulation, or that are intended for use in electrical apparatus. 1.2 The procedures appear in the following order: (1) Procedure for Testing Adhesives Before Use: (2) Procedures for Testing Properties of Adhesives As Used: 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 8.2 . 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1781-98(2021)

Standard Test Method for Climbing Drum Peel for Adhesives

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the peel resistance of adhesive bonds between: a relatively flexible adherend and a rigid adherend; and the relatively flexible facing of a sandwich structure and its core, when tested under specified conditions. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1876-08(2015)e1

Standard Test Method for Peel Resistance of Adhesives (T-Peel Test)

1.1 This test method is primarily intended for determining the relative peel resistance of adhesive bonds between flexible adherends by means of a T-type specimen. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM D2095-96(2015)

Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Adhesives by Means of Bar and Rod Specimens

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative tensile strength of adhesives by the use of bar- and rod-shaped butt-joined specimens under defined conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing. This test method is applicable to the testing of adhesives with various adherend materials in either similar or dissimilar combinations. Note 1: An alternative test method for determining the tensile strength of adhesives is Test Method D897 . 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM D2293-96(2016)

Standard Test Method for Creep Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Compression Loading (Metal-to-Metal)

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the creep properties of adhesives for bonding metals when tested on a standard specimen and subjected to certain conditions of temperature and compressive stress in a spring-loaded testing apparatus. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM D2294-96(2016)

Standard Test Method for Creep Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal)

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the creep properties of adhesives for bonding metals when tested on a standard specimen and subjected to certain conditions of temperature and tensile stress in a spring-loaded testing apparatus. 1.2 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from 55 to +260 C ( 67 to +500 F). 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM D2295-96(2016)

Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading at Elevated Temperatures (Metal-to-Metal)

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strengths of adhesives for bonding metals when tested on a standard specimen and under specified conditions of preparation and testing at elevated temperatures. 1.2 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from 315 to 850 C (600 to 1500 F). 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM D2557-98(2017)

Standard Test Method for Tensile-Shear Strength of Adhesives in the Subzero Temperature Range from −267.8 to −55°C (−450 to −67°F)

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strength of adhesives for bonding metals when tested on a standard specimen and under specified conditions of preparation and testing at extreme subzero temperatures. 1.2 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from -267.8 to -55 C (-450 to -67 F). 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in 8.3 . 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2918-99(2020)

Standard Test Method for Durability Assessment of Adhesive Joints Stressed in Peel

1.1 This test method provides data for assessing the durabilities of adhesive joints by means of T-peel type specimens stressed in contact with air, air in equilibrium with certain solutions, water, aqueous solutions, or other environments at various temperatures. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2919-01(2014)

Standard Test Method for Determining Durability of Adhesive Joints Stressed in Shear by Tension Loading

1.1 This test method covers data for assessing the durability of adhesive lap-shear joints while stressed in contact with air, air in equilibrium with certain solutions, water, aqueous solutions, or other environments at various temperatures. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.4. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are considered to be the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.

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ASTM D3165-07(2014)

Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading of Single-Lap-Joint Laminated Assemblies

1.1 This test method (Note 1) is intended for determining the comparative shear strengths of adhesives in large area joints when tested on a standard single-lap-joint specimen and under specified conditions of preparation and testing. Adhesives respond differently in small versus large area joints (Note 2). Note 1 While this test method is intended for use in metal-to-metal applications, it may be used for measuring the shear properties of adhesives using plastic adherends, provided consideration is given to the thickness and rigidity of the plastic adherends. Doublers or bonded tabs may be required for plastic adherends to prevent bearing failure in the adherends. Note 2 This variation can be influenced by adhesive density, flow characteristics, cure rate, gel time, carrier composition, entrapped volatiles, volatiles released during cure, etc. and also by cure cycle variables including: temperature, time, pressure, rise rate to temperature, cool-down rate, etc. In addition to the processing variables joint size changes the level of constraint on the adhesive as well as the influence of induced tensile loads at the edge of the joint during mechanical or thermal loading. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM D3166-99(2020)

Standard Test Method for Fatigue Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading (Metal/Metal)

1.1 This test method covers the measurement of fatigue strength in shear by tension loading of adhesives on a standard specimen and under specified conditions of preparation, loading, and testing. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D3167-10(2017)

Standard Test Method for Floating Roller Peel Resistance of Adhesives

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative peel resistance of adhesive bonds between one rigid adherend and one flexible adherend when tested under specified conditions of preparation and testing. 1.2 A variation in thickness of the adherends will generally influence the test values. For this reason, the thickness of the sheets used to make the test specimens shall be specified in the material specification. When no thickness is specified, the flexible adherend shall be 0.63 mm (0.025 in.) thick and the rigid adherend shall be 1.63 mm (0.064 in.) thick. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D3310-00(2014)

Standard Test Method for Determining Corrosivity of Adhesive Materials

1.1 This test method is intended to determine whether an adhesive material, cured or uncured, is corrosive to a metal. It is a general test method intended to screen out those materials that give a visible sign of corrosion. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM D3433-99(2020)

Standard Test Method for Fracture Strength in Cleavage of Adhesives in Bonded Metal Joints

1.1 This test method ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ) 2 covers the determination of fracture strength in cleavage of adhesives when tested on standard specimens and under specified conditions of preparation and testing ( Note 1 ). 1.2 This test method is useful in that it can be used to develop design parameters for bonded assemblies. Note 1: While this test method is intended for use in metal-to-metal applications it may be used for measuring fracture properties of adhesives using plastic adherends, provided consideration is given to the thickness and rigidity of the plastic adherends. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D3528-96(2016)

Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Double Lap Shear Adhesive Joints by Tension Loading

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile shear strengths of adhesives for bonding metals when tested in an essentially peel-free standard specimen that develops adhesive stress distribution representative of that developed in a typical low-peel production-type structural joint. The reproducibility of the strengths achieved are directly related to conformance with specified conditions of preparation and testing. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM D3658-01(2016)

Standard Test Method for Determining the Torque Strength of Ultraviolet (UV) Light-Cured Glass/Metal Adhesive Joints

1.1 This test method covers the simplistic comparison of strengths of glass/metal joints when the adhesive is cured by ultraviolet (UV) radiation and standard specimens are used and tested under specified conditions of preparation, radiation, and load. 1.2 This test method involves torque loading UV-bonded hexagonal metal blocks to glass plates. 1.3 This test method may be used to obtain comparative torque strength-to-failure data for other bonded joint systems, radiation cured or not. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM D3762-03(2010)

Standard Test Method for Adhesive-Bonded Surface Durability of Aluminum (Wedge Test)

1.1 This test method , simulates in a qualitative manner the forces and effects on an adhesive bond joint at metal-adhesive/primer interface. It has proven to be highly reliable in determining and predicting the environmental durability of adherend surface preparations. The method has proven to be correlatable with service performance in a manner that is much more reliable than conventional lap shear or peel tests (Note 2). Note 1 While this test method is intended for use in aluminum-to-aluminum applications it may be used for determining surface durability of other metals and plastics provided consideration is given to thickness and rigidity of the adherends. Note 2 This test method is not a quantitative fracture strength test method. To measure fracture strength see Test Method D3433 . 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM D5656-10(2017)

Standard Test Method for Thick-Adherend Metal Lap-Shear Joints for Determination of the Stress-Strain Behavior of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading

1.1 This test method covers the preparation and testing of thick-adherend lap-shear samples for the determination of the stress-strain behavior of adhesives. 1.2 This test method covers data reduction and analysis of stress-strain curves obtained using thick-adherend lap-shear samples. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.3 . 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5657-07(2014)

Standard Test Method for Fluid Tightness Ability of Adhesives Used on Threaded Fasteners

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ability of adhesives used for locking and sealing threaded fasteners, to make leak-tight assemblies. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM D6396-99(2020)

Standard Test Method for Testing of Pipe Thread Sealants on Pipe Tees

1.1 This test method covers procedures used to assemble, evaluate and test pipe thread sealants. 1.2 Test procedures included in this test method are cure speed versus temperature, primer cure, instant seal/sealability, heat aging, solvent resistance, hot strength, steam resistance, and specimen preparation for high pressure testing. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D897-08(2016)

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Adhesive Bonds

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative tensile properties of the adhesive bonds of metal to metal when tested on standard shape specimens and under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, and testing machine speed. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM D903-98(2017)

Standard Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhesive Bonds

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative peel or stripping characteristics of adhesive bonds when tested on standard-sized specimens and under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, and testing machine speed. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D950-03(2020)e1

Standard Test Method for Impact Strength of Adhesive Bonds

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative impact strength of adhesive bonds in shear, when tested on standard specimens under specified conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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