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Battery Packs

Battery and Charging standards primarily cover battery packs that power electric vehicles, conductive charging stations, and the relationship between these two sides of the equation. Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE), AC/DC charging stations, and the connectors and inlets are standardized. Within the vehicle itself, lithium-ion traction battery packs, as well as both lithium and non-lithium secondary batteries, are also standardized. These standards are related to the testing and requirements of lithium-ion battery packs in vehicles.

IEC/TS 62840-1 Ed. 1.0 en:2016

Electric vehicle battery swap system - Part 1: General and guidance

IEC TS 62840-1:2016(E) gives the general overview for battery swap systems, for the purposes of swapping batteries of electric road vehicles (EVs) when the vehicle powertrain is turned off and when the battery swap system is connected to the supply network at standard supply voltages according to IEC 60038 with a rated voltage up to 1 000 V AC and up to 1 500 V DC. It is applicable for battery swap systems for EV equipped with one or more swappable battery system (SBS).

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IEC 62840-2 Ed. 1.0 b:2016

Electric vehicle battery swap system - Part 2: Safety requirements

IEC 62840-2:2016 provides the safety requirements for a battery swap system, for the purposes of swapping swappable battery system (SBS) of electric vehicles. The battery swap system is intended to be connected to the supply network. The power supply is up to 1 000 V AC or up to 1 500 V d.c, in accordance with IEC 60038. This standard also applies to battery swap systems supplied from on-site storage systems (e.g. buffer batteries). This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 62840-1:2016 .

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SAE J 1634-2021

Battery Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption and Range Test Procedure

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes uniform procedures for testing battery electric vehicles (BEVs) which are capable of being operated on public and private roads. The procedure applies only to vehicles using batteries as their sole source of power. It is the intent of this document to provide standard tests which will allow for the determination of energy consumption and range for light-duty vehicles (LDVs) based on the federal emission test procedure (FTP) using the urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) and the highway fuel economy driving schedule (HFEDS) and provide a flexible testing methodology that is capable of accommodating additional test cycles as needed. Additionally, this SAE Recommended Practice provides five-cycle testing guidelines for vehicles performing supplementary testing on the US06, SC03, and cold FTP procedure. Realistic alternatives should be allowed for new technology. Evaluations are based on the total vehicle system’s performance and not on subsystems apart from the vehicle. NOTE: The range and energy consumption values specified in this document are the raw, test-derived values. Additional corrections are typically applied to these quantities when used for regulatory purposes (corporate average fuel economy, vehicle labeling, etc.).

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ISO 18300:2016

Electrically propelled vehicles - Test specifications for lithium-ion battery systems combined with lead acid battery or capacitor

ISO 18300:2016 specifies the lithium-ion battery systems combined with lead acid battery or electric double layer capacitor to be used for automotive applications in voltage class A systems. document applies only to combinations of such electric energy storages that are integrated in a common housing. It specifies configurations, test procedures, and requirements for such combinations.

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ISO 12405-1:2011

Electrically propelled road vehicles - Test specification for lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems - Part 1: High-power applications

ISO 12405-1:2011 specifies test procedures for lithium-ion battery packs and systems for use in electrically propelled road vehicles. The specified test procedures enable the determination of the essential characteristics of performance, reliability and abuse of lithium-ion battery packs and systems. They assist the user of ISO 12405-1:2011 to compare the test results achieved for different battery packs or systems. Therefore, ISO 12405-1:2011 specifies standard test procedures for basic characteristics of performance, reliability and abuse of lithium-ion battery packs and systems. It enables the setting up of a dedicated test plan for an individual battery pack or system subject to agreement between the customer and supplier. If required, the relevant test procedures and/or test conditions of lithium-ion battery packs and systems can be selected from the standard tests provided in ISO 12405-1:2011 to configure a dedicated test plan. ISO 12405-1:2011 specifies tests for high-power battery packs and systems.

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ISO 12405-2:2012

Electrically propelled road vehicles - Test specification for lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems - Part 2: High-energy applications

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ISO 6469-1:2019

Electrically propelled road vehicles - Safety specifications - Part 1: Rechargeable energy storage system (RESS)

This document specifies safety requirements for rechargeable energy storage systems (RESS) of electrically propelled road vehicles for the protection of persons. It does not provide the comprehensive safety information for the manufacturing, maintenance and repair personnel. NOTE 1 Requirements for motorcycles and mopeds are specified in ISO 13063 and ISO 18243. NOTE 2 Additional safety requirements can apply for RESS that can be recharged by means different from supplying electric energy (e.g. redox flow battery).

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IEC 61982 Ed. 1.0 b:2012

Secondary batteries (except lithium) for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Performance and endurance tests

"IEC 61982:2012 is applicable to performance and endurance tests for secondary batteries used for vehicle propulsion applications. This standard is applicable to lead-acid batteries, Ni/Cd batteries, Ni/MH batteries and sodium based batteries used in electric road vehicles. This first edition cancels and replaces the IEC 61982-1:2006, the IEC 61982-2:2002 and the IEC 61982-3: 2001. It constitutes a technical revision. "

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IEC 62660-1 Ed. 2.0 b:2018

Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Part 1: Performance testing

IEC 62660-1:2018 is available as IEC 62660-1:2018 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition. IEC 62660-1:2018 specifies performance and life testing of secondary lithium-ion cells used for propulsion of electric vehicles including battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). This document specifies the test procedures to obtain the essential characteristics of lithium-ion cells for vehicle propulsion applications regarding capacity, power density, energy density, storage life and cycle life. This document provides the standard test procedures and conditions for testing basic performance characteristics of lithium-ion cells for vehicle propulsion applications, which are indispensable for securing a basic level of performance and obtaining essential data on cells for various designs of battery systems and battery packs. IEC 62660-1:2018 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) The purpose of each test has been added. b) The power test has been revised for clarification, and an informative part of the current-voltage characteristic test has been moved to the new Annex C.

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IEC 62660-2 Ed. 2.0 b:2018

Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Part 2: Reliability and abuse testing

IEC 62660-2:2018 is available as IEC 62660-2:2018 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition. IEC 62660-2:2018 specifies test procedures to observe the reliability and abuse behaviour of secondary lithium-ion cells and cell blocks used for propulsion of electric vehicles including battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). This document specifies the standard test procedures and conditions for basic characteristics of lithium-ion cells for use in propulsion of battery and hybrid electric vehicles. The tests are indispensable for obtaining essential data on reliability and abuse behaviour of lithium-ion cells for use in various designs of battery systems and battery packs. This document provides standard classification of description of test results to be used for the design of battery systems or battery packs. IEC 62660-2:2018 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) The procedure of forced discharge test has been clarified (6.4.3.2). b) "Cell block" has been added to the scope (Clause 1). c) Option of temperature cycling test with electrical operation has been deleted (6.3.2). d) The test conditions for overcharge test have been revised (6.4.2.2).

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SAE J 1797-2016 (SAE J1797-2016)

Recommended Practice for Packaging of Electric Vehicle Battery Modules (Stabilized: Aug 2016)

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SAE J 1798-2019

Recommended Practice for Performance Rating of Electric Vehicle Battery Modules

This SAE Recommended Practice provides for common test and verification methods to determine Electric Vehicle battery module performance. The document creates the necessary performance standards to determine (a) what the basic performance of EV battery modules is; and (b) whether battery modules meet minimum performance specification established by vehicle manufacturers or other purchasers. Specific values for these minimum performance specifications are not a part of this document.

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SAE J 2288-2020

Life Cycle Testing of Electric Vehicle Battery Modules

This SAE Recommended Practice defines a standardized test method to determine the expected service life, in cycles, of electric vehicle battery modules. It is based on a set of nominal or baseline operating conditions in order to characterize the expected degradation in electrical performance as a function of life and to identify relevant failure mechanisms where possible. Accelerated aging is not included in the scope of this procedure, although the time compression resulting from continuous testing may unintentionally accelerate battery degradation unless test conditions are carefully controlled. The process used to define a test matrix of accelerated aging conditions based on failure mechanisms, and to establish statistical confidence levels for the results, is considered beyond the scope of this document. Because the intent is to use standard testing conditions whenever possible, results from the evaluation of different technologies should be comparable. End-of-life is determined based on module capacity and power ratings. This may result in a measured cycle life different than that which would be determined based on actual capacity; however, this approach permits a battery manufacturer to make necessary tradeoffs between power and energy in establishing ratings for a battery module. This approach is considered appropriate for a mature design or production battery. It should be noted that the procedure defined in this document is functionally identical to the USABC Baseline Life Cycle Test Procedure.

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SAE J 2380-2021

Vibration Testing of Electric Vehicle Batteries

This SAE Recommended Practice describes the vibration durability testing of a single battery (test unit) consisting of either an electric vehicle battery module or an electric vehicle battery pack that is typically greater than 200 kg in mass and structurally integrated as part of the vehicle. For statistical purposes, multiple samples would normally be subjected to such testing. Additionally, some test units may be subjected to life cycle testing (either after or during vibration testing) to determine the effects of vibration on battery life. Such life testing is not described in this procedure; SAE J2288 may be used for this purpose as applicable. Finally, impact testing, such as crash and pothole, are not included in this procedure. SAE 2464 describes abusive/safety shock tests. Preferably, a specific vibration durability profile should be developed based on actual vehicle measurements for the specific electric vehicle application.

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SAE J 2929-2013 (SAE J2929-2013)

Safety Standard for Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Propulsion Battery Systems Utilizing Lithium-based Rechargeable Cells

This SAE Standard defines a minimum set of acceptable safety criteria for a lithium-based rechargeable battery system to be considered for use in a vehicle propulsion application as an energy storage system connected to a high voltage power train. While the objective is a safe battery system when installed into a vehicle application, this Standard is primarily focused, wherever possible, on conditions which can be evaluated utilizing the battery system alone. As this is a minimum set of criteria, it is recognized that battery system and vehicle manufacturers may have additional requirements for cells, modules, packs and systems in order to assure a safe battery system for a given application. A battery system is a completely functional energy storage system consisting of the pack(s) and necessary ancillary subsystems for physical support and enclosure, thermal management, and electronic control.

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SAE J 2936-2012 (SAE J2936-2012)

SAE Electrical Energy Storage Device Labeling Recommended Practice

This SAE Recommended Practice provides for labeling guidelines at all levels of component, subsystem and system level architectures describing content, placement and durability requirements of specific unit throughout the total product life cycle from inception to reclamation.

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SAE J 2950-2020

Recommended Practices for Shipping Transport and Handling of Automotive-Type Battery System - Lithium Ion

This SAE Recommended Practice (RP) aids in the identification, handling, and shipping of lithium batteries to and from specified locations. It is the specific intent of this RP to identify, utilize, and reference existing U.S. and international hazardous materials (dangerous goods) transportation regulations, which are the only methodologies to be used to establish transportability. It is also the intent of this RP to provide recommendations to be used by service and shipping personnel for the purpose of determining a possibly damaged/defective battery’s transportability. In support of the service and shipping personnel, these recommendations seek to use standard tools of the trade and avoid laboratory type equipment.

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ISO/IEC PAS 16898:2012

Electrically propelled road vehicles - Dimensions and designation of secondary lithium-ion cells

ISO/IEC PAS 16898:2012 specifies a designation system as well as the shapes and dimensions for secondary lithium-ion cells for integration into battery packs and systems used in electrically propelled road vehicles including the position of the terminals and any over-pressure safety device (OPSD). It is related to cylindrical, prismatic and pouch cells. The cell designation according to ISO/IEC PAS 16898:2012 is intended to be applied to the cells used for electrically propelled road vehicles. ISO/IEC PAS 16898:2012 does not apply to cells specifically used for mopeds, motorcycles and vehicles not primarily defined as road vehicles, i.e. material handling trucks or forklifts. The cell dimensions listed in ISO/IEC PAS 16898:2012 are recommended but not restricted for use in passenger cars up to 3,5 t. The inner design, the cell chemistry, the electrical characteristics and any further properties of the cells are not defined in ISO/IEC PAS 16898:2012.

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IEC 62335 Ed. 1.0 b:2008

Circuit breakers - Switched protective earth portable residual current devices for class I and battery powered vehicle applications

"IEC 62335:2008 applies to portable devices intended for use with vehicles having class 1 insulation and battery powered vehicle applications having battery charging units. They have a switched protective earth (SPE) and hereafter are referred to as SPE-PRCDs. The SPE-PRCD consists of a plug, a residual current device (RCD) and a portable socket outlet."

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