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Charging
Battery and Charging standards primarily cover battery packs that power electric vehicles, conductive charging stations, and the relationship between these two sides of the equation. Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE), AC/DC charging stations, and the connectors and inlets are standardized. Within the vehicle itself, lithium-ion traction battery packs, as well as both lithium and non-lithium secondary batteries, are also standardized. These standards are related to the testing and requirements of charging ports, parts, connectors, and charging systems as a whole.
CSA C22.2 No. 282-2017
Plugs, receptacles, and couplers for electric vehicles (Trinational standard with UL 2251 and NMX-J-678-ANCE-2017)
Preface This is the harmonized ANCE, CSA Group, and UL Standard for Plugs, Receptacles, and Couplers for Electric Vehicles. It is the Second edition of NMX-J-678-ANCE, the Second edition of CSA-C22.2 No. 282, and the Fourth edition of UL 2251. This edition of CSA-C22.2 No. 282 supersedes the previous edition published February 22, 2013. This edition of NMX-J-678-ANCE supersedes the previous edition published in 2013. This edition of UL 2251 supersedes the previous edition published February 22, 2013. Scope 1.1 These requirements cover EV plugs, EV receptacles, vehicle inlets, vehicle connectors, and EV breakaway couplings, rated up to 800 amperes and up to 600 volts ac or dc. These devices are intended for use with conductive electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), and are intended to facilitate the conductive connection from the EVSE to the vehicle. These devices are for use in either indoor or outdoor nonhazardous locations in accordance with Annex A, Ref. No. 1. 1.2 This Standard does not directly apply to any device that is not intended for use as described in 1.1. 1.3 In the text of this Standard, the term device refers to any product covered by this Standard. The letters EV refer to an electric vehicle, including plug-in hybrid vehicles, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, battery electric vehicles, and similar vehicles.
CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 281.1-2012 (R2017)
CAN/CSA-C22.2 NO. 281.1-12 - Standard for safety for personnel protection systems for electric vehicle (EV) supply circuits: General requirements (Tri-national standard, with UL 2231-1 and NMX-J-668/1-ANCE)
Update #1 was published as notification that this is now a National Standard of Canada. Updates #1 and 2 to this standard are available. To download any updates and/or register for email notification of future updates click here Preface This is the harmonized ANCE, CSA Group, and UL standard for Personnel Protection Systems for Electric Vehicle (EV) Supply Circuits: General Requirements. It is the Second edition of NMX-J-668-1-ANCE, the First edition of CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 281.1, and the Second edition of UL 2231û1. This harmonized standard has been jointly revised on August 26, 2016. For this purpose, CSA Group and UL are issuing revision pages dated August 26, 2016, and ANCE is issuing a new edition dated August 26, 2016. Scope 1.1 These requirements cover devices and systems intended for use in accordance with Annex A, Ref. No. 1, to reduce the risk of electric shock to the user from accessible parts, in grounded or isolated circuits for charging electric vehicles. These circuits are external to or on board the vehicle. 1.2 The devices and systems covered by these requirements are compatible with the designs of charging systems and vehicles where use is intended and are rated accordingly. To assure compatibility, the charging system, the vehicle, or both, are in accordance with the features contained in 1.3 - 1.5. 1.3 The type of vehicle covered by these requirements, including all accessible conductive parts on the vehicle, has one or more of the following: a) Provision for the connection of an equipment grounding conductor during battery charging, unless the vehicle has a system of reinforced or double insulation or all of the circuitry on the vehicle is electrically isolated from the supply circuit, b) Provision for the connection of ground-monitoring conductors, where required, c) Reinforced insulation, or is double-insulated from the supply circuit, or d)No direct connection between current-carrying conductors and the vehicle chassis. 1.4 These requirements cover devices and systems where the grounding path impedance of the charging system to the vehicle is less than or equal to the impedance of the ungrounded conductor or conductors. 1.5 These requirements cover devices and systems where a continuous current less than 70 mA RMS is available from any accessible part of the charging system. 1.6 Devices covered by these requirements are intended to interrupt the electric circuit to the load when: a) A fault current to ground exceeds some predetermined value that is less than that required to operate the overcurrent protective device of the supply circuit, b)The grounding path becomes open-circuited or becomes an excessively high impedance, or c) A path to ground is detected on an isolated (ungrounded) system. 1.7 These devices and systems are intended to be applied on electrical systems or include derived systems that are: a) Either end-grounded or centrally grounded when the operating voltage is 150 Vrms or less, b) Centrally grounded when the operating voltage is greater than 150 Vrms, or c) Isolated (ungrounded). 1.8 Charging circuit-interrupting devices covered by these requirements are investigated for their ability to provide protection based on: a) The type of current (60 Hz AC, DC, a combination of AC and DC, or AC at frequencies greater than 60 Hz) present in the circuit to be protected, and b) Voltage. 1.9 In Mexico and the US, these requirements do not cover ground-fault circuit-interrupters (GFCIs) intended for use as personnel protection in accordance with the national electrical codes on grounded 120 Vrms or 127 Vrms to ground, 60 Hz circuits. Such devices are covered under Annex A, Ref. No. 2. In Canada, these requirements do not cover ground-fault circuit-interrupters (GFCIs) in accordance with the national electrical code on grounded 120 Vrms or 127 Vrms to ground, 60 Hz circuits. Such devices are covered under Annex A, Ref. No. 2. 1.10 This Standard includes the Scope, Definitions, and Description of Requirements, including the required features of protection systems. The standards in Annex A, Ref. No. 3 contain the Performance and Construction requirements for protective devices that would become a part of a charging system.
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CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 281.2-2012 (R2017)
CAN/CSA-C22.2 NO. 281.2-12 - Standard for safety for personnel protection systems for electric vehicle (EV) supply circuits: Particular requirements for protection devices for use in charging systems (Tri-national standard, with UL 2231-2 and NMX-J-668/2-ANCE)
Update #1 was published as notification that this is now a National Standard of Canada. Updates #1 and 2 to this standard are available. To download any updates and/or register for email notification of future updates click here Preface This is the harmonized ANCE, CSA Group, and UL Standard for Safety for Personnel Protection Systems for Electric Vehicle (EV) Supply Circuits: Particular Requirements for Protection Devices for Use in Charging Systems. It is the Second edition of NMX-J-668û2-ANCE, the First edition of CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 281.2, and the Second edition of UL 2231û2. This harmonized standard has been jointly revised on August 26, 2016. For this purpose, CSA Group and UL are issuing revision pages dated August 26, 2016, and ANCE is issuing a new edition dated August 26, 2016. Scope 1.1 This Standard is intended to be read together with Annex A, Ref. No. 1. The requirements of Annex A, Ref. No. 1 apply unless modified by this Standard.
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IEC 61851-1 Ed. 3.0 b:2017
Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 1: General requirements
IEC 61851-1:2017 applies to EV supply equipment for charging electric road vehicles, with a rated supply voltage up to 1 000 V AC or up to 1 500 V DC and a rated output voltage up to 1 000 V AC or up to 1 500 V DC. Electric road vehicles (EV) cover all road vehicles, including plug-in hybrid road vehicles (PHEV), that derive all or part of their energy from on-board rechargeable energy storage systems (RESS). The aspects covered in this standard include: - the characteristics and operating conditions of the EV supply equipment; - the specification of the connection between the EV supply equipment and the EV; - the requirements for electrical safety for the EV supply equipment. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2010. It constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) The contents of IEC 61851-1:2010 have been re-ordered. Numbering of clauses has changed as new clauses were introduced and some contents moved for easy reading. The following lines give an insight to the new ordering in addition to the main technical changes. b) All requirements from IEC 61851-22 have been moved to this standard, as work on IEC 61851-22 has ceased. c) Any requirements that concern EMC have been removed from the text and are expected to be part of the future version of 61851-21-2. d) Clause 4 contains the original text from IEC 61851-1:2010 and all general requirements from Clause 6 of IEC 61851-1:2010. e) Clause 5 has been introduced to provide classifications for EV supply equipment. f) Previous general requirements of Clause 6 have been integrated into Clause 4. Clause 6 contains all Mode descriptions and control requirements. Specific requirements for the combined use of AC and DC on the same contacts are included. g) Clause 9 is derived from previous Clause 8. Adaptation of the description of DC accessories to allow for the DC charging modes that have only recently been proposed by industry and based on the standards IEC 61851-23, IEC 61851-24 as well as IEC 62196-1, IEC 62196-2 and IEC 62196-3. Information and tables contained in the IEC 62196 series standards have been removed from this standard. h) Clause 10 specifically concerns the requirements for adaptors, initially in Clause 6. i) Clause 11 includes new requirements for the protection of the cable. j) Specific requirements for equipment that is not covered in the IEC 62752 remain in the present document. k) Previous Clause 11 is now treated in Clauses 12 to 13. The requirements in 61851-1 cover the EV supply equipment of both mode 2 and mode 3 types, with the exception in-cable control and protection devices for mode 2 charging of electric road vehicles (IC-CPD) which are covered by IEC 62752. l) Clause 14 gives requirements on automatic reclosing of protection equipment. m) Clause 16 gives requirements for the marking of equipment and the contents of the installation and user manual. This makes specific mention of the need to maintain coherence with the standards for the fixed installation. It also contains an important text on the markings for temperature ratings. n) Annex A has been reviewed to introduce complete sequences and tests and to make the exact cycles explicit. Annex A in this edition supersedes IEC TS 62763 (Edition 1). o) Annex B is normative and has requirements for proximity circuits with and without current coding. p) Previous Annex C has been removed and informative descriptions of pilot function and proximity function implementations initially in Annex B are moved to Annex C. q) New informative Annex D describing an alternative pilot function system has been introduced. r) Dimensional requirements for free space to be left around socket-outlets used for EV energy supply are given in the informative Annex E. s) The inclusion of protection devices within the EV supply equipment could, in some cases, contribute to the protection against electric shock as required by the installation. This is covered by the information required for the installation of EV supply equipment in Clause 16 (Marking).
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IEC 61851-21 Ed. 1.0 b:2001
Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 21: Electric vehicle requirements for conductive connection to an a.c./d.c. supply
This part of IEC 61851 together with part 1 gives the electric vehicle requirements for conductive connection to an a.c. or d.c. supply, for a.c. voltages according to IEC 60038 up to 690 V and for d.c. voltages up to 1 000 V, when the electric vehicle is connected to the supply network.
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IEC 61851-22 Ed. 1.0 b:2001
Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 22: AC electric vehicle charging station
This part of IEC 61851, together with part 1, gives the requirements for a.c. electric vehicle charging stations for conductive connection to an electric vehicle, with a.c. supply voltages according to IEC 60038 up to 690 V.
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IEC 61851-23 Ed. 1.0 b:2014
Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 23: DC electric vehicle charging station
IEC 61851-23:2014, together with IEC 61851-1:2010, gives the requirements for d.c. electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, herein also referred to as "DC charger", for conductive connection to the vehicle, with an a.c. or d.c. input voltage up to 1 000 V a.c. and up to 1 500 V d.c. according to IEC 60038. It provides the general requirements for the control communication between a d.c. EV charging station and an EV. The requirements for digital communication between d.c. EV charging station and electric vehicle for control of d.c. charging are defined in IEC 61851-24.
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IEC 61851-24 Ed. 2.0 b:2023
Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 24: Digital communication between a DC EV supply equipment and an electric vehicle for control of DC charging
IEC 61851-24:2023, together with IEC 61851-23, applies to digital communication between a DC EV supply equipment and an electric road vehicle (EV) for control of conductive DC power transfer, with a rated supply voltage up to 1 000 V AC or up to 1 500 V DC and a rated output voltage up to 1 500 V DC. This document also applies to digital communication between the DC EV charging/discharging station and the EV for system A, as specified in Annex A. The EV charging mode is mode 4, according to IEC 61851-23. Annex A, Annex B, and Annex C give descriptions of digital communications for control of DC charging specific to DC EV charging systems A, B and C as defined in IEC 61851-23. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - Annex A and Annex B have been updated in line with IEC 61851-23:2023 and relevant standards.
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IEC 62196-1 Ed. 4.0 b:2022
Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets - Conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 1: General requirements
IEC 62196-1:2022 is applicable to EV plugs, EV socket-outlets, vehicle connectors, vehicle inlets, herein referred to as "accessories", and to cable assemblies for electric vehicles (EV) intended for use in conductive charging systems which incorporate control means, with a rated operating voltage not exceeding: 690 V AC 50 Hz to 60 Hz, at a rated current not exceeding 250 A; 1 500 V DC at a rated current not exceeding 800 A. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: deletion of references to universal AC and DC interfaces; additional requirements for contact materials and plating; changes to the temperature rise test to include additional points of measurement; additional tests for accessories to address thermal stresses and stability, mechanical wear and abuse, and exposure to contaminants; relocation of information and requirements for DC charging to IEC 62196-3.
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IEC 62196-2 Ed. 3.0 b:2022
Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets - Conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 2: Dimensional compatibility requirements for AC pin and contact-tube accessories
IEC 62196-2:2022 applies to EV plugs, EV socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets with pins and contact-tubes of standardized configurations, herein referred to as accessories. These accessories have a nominal rated operating voltage not exceeding 480 V AC, 50 Hz to 60 Hz, and a rated current not exceeding 63 A three phase or 70 A single phase, for use in conductive charging of electric vehicles. This document covers the basic interface accessories for vehicle supply as specified in IEC 62196-1. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2016. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: interchangeability requirements have been removed from the title of Part 2; alignment with IEC 62196-1:2022 and IEC 62196-3:2022; alignment with IEC 61851-1:2017.
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IEC 62196-3 Ed. 2.0 b:2022
Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets - Conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 3: Dimensional compatibility requirements for DC and AC/DC pin and contact-tube vehicle couplers
IEC 62196-3:2022 is applicable to vehicle couplers with pins and contact tubes of standardized configuration, herein also referred to as "accessories", intended for use in electric vehicle conductive charging systems which incorporate control means, with rated operating voltage and current in accordance with IEC 62196-1:2022. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: interchangeability requirements have been removed from the title of Part 3; increased ratings for all configurations; reference to new tests in IEC 62196-1 (Clauses 34, 35, 36 and 37).
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SAE J 1772-2024
SAE Electric Vehicle and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler
This SAE Standard covers the general physical, electrical, functional, and performance requirements to facilitate conductive charging of EV/PHEV vehicles in North America. This document defines a common EV/PHEV and supply equipment vehicle conductive charging method, including operational requirements and the functional and dimensional requirements for the vehicle inlet and mating connector.
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SAE J 1773-2014 (SAE J1773-2014)
SAE Electric Vehicle Inductively Coupled Charging (Stabilized: Jun 2014)
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes the minimum interface compatibility requirements for electric vehicle (EV) inductively coupled charging for North America. This part of the specification is applicable to manually connected inductive charging for Levels 1 and 2 power transfer. Requirements for Level 3 compatibility are contained in Appendix B. Recommended software interface messaging requirements are contained in Appendix A. This type of inductively coupled charging is generally intended for transferring power at frequencies significantly higher than power line frequencies. This part of the specification is not applicable to inductive coupling schemes that employ automatic connection methods or that are intended for transferring power at power line frequencies. in the charge coupler). The charge controller signals the charger to stop charging when it determines that the batteries are completely charged or a fault is detected during the charging process. The following steps correspond with the diagram in Figure 1, and describe the closed-loop charging system. Vehicle charge controller determines desired current into batteries. ** Vehicle charge controller transmits charger output power request to charger via an IR communications interface. ** Charger controls input current from utility based on charger output power request from vehicle charge controller. ** Charger converts 60 Hz utility power to HFAC power. HFAC power is magnetically coupled from the coupler (primary) to the vehicle inlet (secondary). HFAC power is rectified/filtered to DC to charge the vehicle batteries. Process repeats until the vehicle charge controller determines the batteries are fully charged. ** Items with ** indicate control loop. ÑTypical closed-loop charging system.
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SAE J 2894-1-2025
Power Quality Requirements for Plug-in Electric Vehicle Chargers
The intent of this document is to develop a recommended practice for PEV chargers, whether onboard or off-board the vehicle, that will enable equipment manufacturers, vehicle manufacturers, electric utilities, and others to make reasonable design decisions regarding power quality. The three main purposes are as follows: 1 To identify those parameters of a PEV battery charger that must be controlled in order to preserve the quality of the AC service. 2 To identify those characteristics of the AC service that may significantly impact the performance of the charger. 3 To identify values for power quality, susceptibility, and power control parameters that are based on current U.S. and international standards. These values should be technically feasible and cost effective to implement into PEV battery chargers. SAE J2894/2 will describe the test methods for the parameters/requirements in this document.
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