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Plug-In Electric Vehicle

Electric Vehicle standards address design considerations unique to electric vehicles and, by standardizing terminology and vocabulary, provide a foundation for other standards to delve into deeper details. Here, ISO, IEC, and SAE provide standards specific to hybrid and plug-in electric vehicles with a focus on testing, fuel economy, emissions, and communications. These standards are related to road vehicles that connect to a power grid to run.

SAE J 2836-1-2019

Use Cases for Communication Between Plug-in Vehicles and the Utility Grid

This SAE Information Report establishes Use Cases for communication between plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) and the electric power grid, for energy transfer and other applications.

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SAE J 2836-2-2011 (SAE J2836-2-2011)

Use Cases for Communication between Plug-in Vehicles and Off-Board DC Charger

This SAE Information Report SAE J2836/2\uT\uM establishes use cases and general information for communication between plug-in electric vehicles and the DC Off-board charger. Where relevant, this document notes, but does not formally specify, interactions between the vehicle and vehicle operator. This applies to the off-board DC charger for conductive charging, which supplies DC current to the vehicle battery of the electric vehicle through a SAE J1772\uT\uM Hybrid coupler or SAE J1772\uT\uM AC Level 2 type coupler on DC power lines, using the AC power lines or the pilot line for PLC communication, or dedicated communication lines that is further described in SAE J2847/2. The specification supports DC energy transfer via Forward Power Flow (FPF) from grid-to-vehicle. The relationship of this document to the others that address PEV communications is further explained in section 5. This is the 1st version of this document and completes step 1 effort that captures the initial objectives of the SAE task force. The intent of step 1 was to record as much information on ?what we think works? and publish. The effort continues however, to step 2 that allows public review for additional comments and viewpoints, while the task force also continues additional testing and early implementation. Results of step 2 effort will then be incorporated into updates of this document and lead to a republished version.

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SAE J 2836-6-2021

Use Cases for Wireless Charging Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicles

This SAE Information Report SAE J2836/6 establishes use cases for communication between plug-in electric vehicles and the EVSE for wireless energy transfer as specified in SAE J2954. It addresses the requirements for communications between the on-board charging system and the wireless EV supply equipment (WEVSE) in support of detection of the WEVSE, the charging process, and monitoring of the charging process. Since the communication to the charging infrastructure and the power grid for smart charging will also be communicated by the WEVSE to the EV over the wireless interface, these requirements are also covered. However, the processes and procedures are expected to be identical to those specified for V2G communications specified in SAE J2836/1. Where relevant, the specification notes interactions that may be required between the vehicle and vehicle operator, but does not formally specify them. Similarly, communications between the on-board charging sub-system and the on-board vehicle electronics is not formally specified in this document. This document will be published as a set of steps. The intent of step 1 was to record as much information on “what we think works” and publish. The intent of step 2 is to provide refinement and missing pieces to step 1, with a an eye to early testing. This version is step 2, with the aim of providing a communication protocol for home chargers.

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SAE J 2841-2010 (SAE J2841-2010)

Utility Factor Definitions for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Travel Survey Data

This SAE Information Report establishes a 'Utility Factor' (UF) curve and the method of generating these curves. The UF is used when combining test results from battery charge-depleting and charge-sustaining modes of a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV). Although any transportation survey data set can be used, this document will define the included UF curves by using the 2001 United States Department of Transportation (DOT) 'National Household Travel Survey' and a supplementary dataset. In use, the fuel and energy consumption rates of a PHEV vary depending upon the distance driven between charge events. For PHEVs, the baseline assumption regarding any UF is that operation starts fully charged and begins in battery charge-depleting mode. Eventually, the vehicle must change to a charge-sustaining mode. The vehicle miles traveled between charge events determine how much of the driving is performed in each of the two fundamental modes. A second assumption is that charging occurs every day after the day's driving is complete, i.e. once per day. In the absence of PHEV driver behavior data, the two unknown driver behavior issues of (1) how often charging occurs during the day ('opportunity charging') and (2) how often a driver will forget to charge, are assumed to be an equally offsetting, thus the baseline assumes one charge per day of operation. Given the previous assumptions, a UF describes the fraction of driving in each of the fundamental modes using a given set of recorded in-use driving data. Driving statistics from the 2001 National Household Travel Survey and a supplementary dataset are used as inputs to the UF creation to provide curves applicable to a vehicle's charge-depleting mode results.

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SAE J 2847-1-2019

Communication for Smart Charging of Plug-in Electric Vehicles Using Smart Energy Profile 2.0

This document describes the details of the Smart Energy Profile 2.0 (SEP2.0) communication used to implement the functionality described in the SAE J2836-1 use cases. Each use case subsection includes a description of the function provided, client device requirements, and sequence diagrams with description of the steps. Implementers are encouraged to consult the SEP2.0 schema and application specification for further details. Where relevant, this document notes, but does formally specify, interactions between the vehicle and vehicle operator.

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SAE J 2847-2-2015 (SAE J2847-2-2015)

Communication Between Plug-In Vehicles and Off-Board DC Chargers

This SAE Recommended Practice SAE J2847-2 establishes requirements and specifications for communication between Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) and the DC Off-board charger. Where relevant, this document notes, but does not formally specify, interactions between the vehicle and vehicle operator. This document applies to the off-board DC charger for conductive charging, which supplies DC current to the Rechargable Energy Storage System (RESS) of the electric vehicle through a SAE J1772â„¢ coupler. Communications will be on the SAE J1772 Pilot line for PLC communication. The details of PowerLine Communications (PLC) are found in SAE J2931/4. The specification supports DC energy transfer via Forward Power Flow (FPF) from source to vehicle. SAE has published multiple documents relating to PEV and vehicle-to-grid interfaces. The various document series are listed below, with a brief explanation of each.

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SAE J 2847-3-2021

Communication for Plug-in Vehicles as a Distributed Energy Source

This document applies to a plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) which is equipped with an onboard inverter and communicates using IEEE 2030.5-2018. It is a supplement to the SEP2 standard, which supports the use cases defined by SAE J2836/3. It provides guidance for the use of the SEP2 distributed energy resource function set with a PEV. It also provides guidance for the use of the SEP2 flow reservation function set, when used for discharging. It is not intended to be a comprehensive guide to the use of SEP2 in a PEV. Note that in this document, SEP2 is used interchangeably with IEEE 2030.5-2018.

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SAE J 2931-1-2014 (SAE J2931-1-2014)

Digital Communications for Plug-in Electric Vehicles

This SAE Information Report SAE J2931 establishes the requirements for digital communication between Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEV), the Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) and the utility or service provider, Energy Services Interface (ESI), Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and Home Area Network (HAN). This is the third version of this document and completes the effort that specifies the digital communication protocol stack between Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV) and the Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE). The purpose of the stack outlined in Figure 1 and defined by Layers 3 to 6 of the OSI Reference Model (Figure 1) is to use the functions of Layers 1 and 2 specified in SAE J2931/4 and export the functionalities to Layer 7 as specified in SAE J2847/2 (as of August 1, 2012, revision) and SAE J2847/1 (targeting revision at the end of 2012). Communications between the EVSE and other than PEV entities such as AMI, ESI, HAN, Utility head-end, etc. as shown in Figure 2 are outside of the scope of this document. It is presumed that a bridging device will be required to carry PEV information beyond the EVSE and may be collocated with the latter. The effort continues however, to additional comments and viewpoints, while the task force also continues additional testing and early implementation. Results of this effort will then be incorporated into updates of this document and lead to a republished versions as needed. The SAE J2931 family of documents has been organized into several "slash" subsections: This document, SAE J2931/1, defines architecture and general requirements including association, registration, security, and HAN requirements, as well as mapping to other SAE documents. SAE J2931/2 is under development and is proposed to define a MAC PHY layer implementation of digital communications using FSK and the SAE J1772â„¢ Pilot wire. SAE J2931/3 is under development and is proposed to define a MAC PHY layer implementation of digital communications using NB OFDM and either the SAE J1772â„¢ Pilot wire or mains. SAE J2931/4 defines the MAC PHY layer implementation of digital communications using BB OFDM and either the SAE J1772â„¢ Pilot wire or mains. Testing and validation of the aforementioned physical layer specifications is ongoing, and it is possible that the results of said testing may preclude one or more of the proposed solutions as unable to meet the technical requirements. Reduction of the available options to a single, worldwide standard remains the long-term goal. The document mapping of the PEV communication standards are further defined in section 4.

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SAE J 2931-4-2014 (SAE J2931-4-2014)

Broadband PLC Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicles

This SAE Technical Information Report SAE J2931/4 establishes the specifications for physical and data-link layer communications using broadband Power Line Communications (PLC) between the plug-In electric vehicle (PEV) and the electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) DC off-board-charger. This document deals with the specific modifications or selection of optional features in HomePlug Green PHY v1.1 (HomePlug GP1.1) necessary to support the automotive charging application over Control Pilot lines as described in SAE J1772â„¢. PLC may also be used to connect directly to the Utility smart meter or home area network (HAN), and may technically be applied to the AC mains, both of which are outside the scope of this document.

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SAE J 2953-1-2013 (SAE J2953-1-2013)

Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) Interoperability with Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE)

This SAE Recommended Practice J2953/1 establishes requirements and specification by which a specific Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) and Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) pair can be considered interoperable. The test procedures are further described in J2953/2.

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SAE J 2953-2-2014 (SAE J2953-2-2014)

Test Procedures for the Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) Interoperability with Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE)

This SAE Recommended Practice SAE J2953/2 establishes the test procedures to ensure the interoperability of Plug-In Vehicles (PEV) and Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) for multiple suppliers.

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