Fastener Standards for Washers
Standards for washers cover suitable washers for a variety of different fastener types, as well as addressing specifications for washers of differing strengths for more demanding applications in industries such as aerospace. Standards for washers are available for both inch and metric series fasteners.
ISO 887:2000
Plain washers for metric bolts, screws and nuts for general purposes -- General plan
This International Standard specifies the full range of the nominal dimensions of product-grade-A and -C plain washers for general-purpose bolts, screws and nuts of nominal thread diameters ranging from 1 mm to 150 mm inclusive. This International Standard is not applicable to washers for screw and washer assemblies in relation to hole diameters and thicknesses. Information on the use of plain washers is given in annex A.
ASTM F959/F959M-17a
Standard Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners, Inch and Metric Series
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators, (DTIs) capable of indicating the achievement of a specified minimum tension in a structural bolting assembly.
1.2 Eight types of DTIs in nominal diameter sizes 1/2 through 1 1/2 in. as well as M16 through M36 are covered:
1.2.1 Type 325-1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325 Type 1 bolts or Grade F1852 assemblies.
1.2.2 Type 325–3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325 Type 3 bolts or Grade F1852 Type 3 assemblies.
1.2.3 Type 490–1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490 Type 1 bolts or Grade F2280 assemblies.
1.2.4 Type 490–3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490 Type 3 bolts Grade F2280 Type 3 assemblies.
1.2.5 Type 8.8-1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325M Type 1 bolts.
1.2.6 Type 8.8-3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325M Type 3 bolts.
1.2.7 Type 10.9-1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490M Type 1 bolts.
1.2.8 Type 10.9-3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490M Type 3 bolts.
1.3 DTIs are intended for installation with the protrusions against a hardened surface such as a bolt head, a hardened nut, or a hardened washer. (See Research Council on Structural Connections: Specification for Structural Joints Using High–Strength Bolts.)
1.4 This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 DTIs to a Chemical Composition Requirement or a Corrosion Resistance Index (CRI) at the manufacturer’s discretion.
1.5 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise specified.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.7 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portions, Section 10 and Appendix X1 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SAE J 2486-2018
Tension Indicating Washer Tightening Method for Fasteners
This SAE Recommended Practice covers installation and inspection methods for fasteners which are tensioned using Tension Indicating Washers (TIWs) as a means to ensure that adequate tension is developed in mechanically fastened joints. Figure 1 depicts a typical TIW, and Figure 2 depicts a fastener assembly with a TIW before and after tensioning. This document describes practices for the use of TIWs which are typically produced for use with SAE J429 Grade 5 and Grade 8 fasteners or their metric counterparts, although the same principals hold true for bolted joints using other fasteners. Users are advised to contact a manufacturer for advice on use of these products before using them with special fasteners or applications. This document defines and illustrates preferred installation and inspection methodologies. The contents of this document are presented as accurately as possible; however, responsibility for its application lies with the user.
ASTM F436/F436M-19
Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers Inch and Metric Dimensions
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use with fasteners having nominal thread diameters of 1 / 4 through 4 in. and M12 through M100. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners. These washers are suitable for use with fasteners covered in Specifications A354 , A449 , A563 , A563M , F959/F959M , and F3125 . 1.2 The washers are designated by type denoting the material, by style denoting the shape, and by inch or metric dimensions. 1.2.1 The types of washers covered are: 1.2.1.1 Type 1 Carbon steel. 1.2.1.2 Type 3 Weathering steel. 1.2.1.3 This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 to chemical composition or a Corrosion Index (CRI) of 6 or higher at the suppliers option. 1.2.2 The styles of washers covered are: 1.2.2.1 Circular Circular washers in nominal sizes 1 / 4 through 4 in. and M12 through M100 suitable for applications where sufficient space exists and angularity permits. 1.2.2.2 Beveled Beveled washers are square or rectangular, in nominal sizes 1 / 2 through 1 1 / 2 in., M12 through M16, with a beveled 1 to 6 ratio surface for use with American standard beams and channels. 1.2.2.3 Clipped Clipped washers are circular or beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be clipped. 1.2.2.4 Extra Thick Extra thick washers are circular washers in nominal sizes 1 / 2 through 4 in., with a nominal thickness of 5 / 16 in. suitable for structural applications with oversized holes. 1.3 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein. 1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units for inch fasteners and SI units for metric fasteners and are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM F844-19
Standard Specification for Washers, Steel, Plain (Flat), Unhardened for General Use
1.1 This specification covers round and miscellaneous shape steel plain (flat) washers furnished in an unhardened condition. 1.2 These washers are intended for general use bolt, nut, and stud applications to provide increased bearing surface, spacing, and to prevent galling. 1.3 Unless otherwise specified, washers are furnished with dimensions conforming to B18.21.1, Type A, Table 11. 1.4 Hardened washers for use with heat-treated structural bolts are covered by Specifications F436/F436M . 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM F959/F959M-17a
Standard Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners, Inch and Metric Series
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators, (DTIs) capable of indicating the achievement of a specified minimum tension in a structural bolting assembly. 1.2 Eight types of DTIs in nominal diameter sizes 1 / 2 through 1 1 / 2 in. as well as M16 through M36 are covered: 1.2.1 Type 325-1 DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325 Type 1 bolts or Grade F1852 assemblies. 1.2.2 Type 325 3 DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325 Type 3 bolts or Grade F1852 Type 3 assemblies. 1.2.3 Type 490 1 DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490 Type 1 bolts or Grade F2280 assemblies. 1.2.4 Type 490 3 DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490 Type 3 bolts Grade F2280 Type 3 assemblies. 1.2.5 Type 8.8-1 DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325M Type 1 bolts. 1.2.6 Type 8.8-3 DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325M Type 3 bolts. 1.2.7 Type 10.9-1 DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490M Type 1 bolts. 1.2.8 Type 10.9-3 DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490M Type 3 bolts. 1.3 DTIs are intended for installation with the protrusions against a hardened surface such as a bolt head, a hardened nut, or a hardened washer. (See Research Council on Structural Connections: Specification for Structural Joints Using High Strength Bolts.) 1.4 This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 DTIs to a Chemical Composition Requirement or a Corrosion Resistance Index (CRI) at the manufacturer s discretion. 1.5 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise specified. 1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.7 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portions, Section 10 and Appendix X1 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ISO 7089:2000
Plain washers -- Normal series -- Product grade A
This International Standard specifies the characteristics of normal-series, product-grade-A plain washers in the 200 HV and 300 HV hardness classes and of nominal sizes (nominal thread diameters) ranging from 1,6 mm to 64 mm inclusive. Washers of hardness class 200 HV are suitable for hexagon bolts and screws of product grades A and B in property classes up to and including 8.8; hexagon nuts of product grades A and B in property classes up to and including 8; hexagon bolts, screws and nuts of stainless steel of similar chemical composition; case-hardened thread rolling screws. Washers of hardness class 300 HV are suitable for hexagon bolts and screws of product grades A and B in property classes up to and including 10.9; hexagon nuts of product grades A and B in property classes up to and including 10. If dimensions other than those listed in this International Standard are required, they should be selected from those given in ISO 887. When soft material pieces are clamped, or large clearance holes in the workpiece are used, the user should check the technical suitability of this type of washer.
ISO 7091:2000
Plain washers -- Normal series -- Product grade C
This International Standard specifies the characteristics of normal-series, product-grade-C plain washers in the 100 HV hardness class and of nominal sizes (nominal thread diameters) ranging from 1,6 mm to 64 mm inclusive. Washers of hardness class 100 HV are suitable for hexagon bolts and screws of product grade C in property classes up to and including 6.8; hexagon nuts of product grade C in property classes up to and including 6; case-hardened thread rolling screws. If dimensions other than those listed in this International Standard are required, they should be selected from those given in ISO 887. When soft material pieces are clamped, or large clearance holes in the workpiece are used, the user should check the technical suitability of this type of washer.
ISO 7093-1:2000
Plain washers -- Large series -- Part 1: Product grade A
This part of ISO 7093 specifies the characteristics of large-series, product-grade-A plain washers in the 200 HV and 300 HV hardness classes and of nominal sizes (nominal thread diameters) ranging from 1,6 mm to 64 mm inclusive. Washers conforming to this part of ISO 7093 are intended for use in cases where soft material pieces are to be clamped or where there are large clearance holes in the workpiece. Nevertheless, in the latter case, the suitability of the washer thickness should be checked. Washers of hardness class 200 HV are suitable for hexagon bolts and screws of product grades A and B in property classes up to and including 8.8; hexagon nuts of product grades A and B in property classes up to and including 8; hexagon bolts, screws and nuts of stainless steel of similar chemical composition; case-hardened thread rolling screws. Washers of hardness class 300 HV are suitable for hexagon bolts and screws of product grades A and B in property classes up to and including 10.9; hexagon nuts of product grades A and B in property classes up to and including 10. If dimensions other than those listed in this part of ISO 7093 are required, they should be selected from those given in ISO 887.
ISO 7093-2:2000
Plain washers -- Large series -- Part 2: Product grade C
This part of ISO 7093 specifies the characteristics of large-series, product-grade-C plain washers in the 100 HV hardness class, of nominal sizes (nominal thread diameters) ranging from 3 mm to 36 mm inclusive. Washers conforming to this part of ISO 7093 are intended for use in cases where soft material pieces are to be clamped or where there are large clearance holes in the workpiece. Nevertheless, in the latter case, the suitability of the washer thickness should be checked. Washers of hardness class 100 HV are suitable for: hexagon bolts and screws of product grade C in property classes up to and including 6.8; hexagon nuts of product grade C in property classes up to and including 6; case-hardened thread rolling screws. If dimensions other than those listed in this part of ISO 7093 are required, they should be selected from those given in ISO 887.
ISO 7094:2000
Plain washers -- Extra large series -- Product grade C
This International Standard specifies the characteristics of extra-large-series, product-grade-C plain washers in the 100 HV hardness class, of nominal sizes (nominal thread diameters) ranging from 5 mm to 36 mm inclusive. These washers are suitable for hexagon bolts and screws of product grade C in property classes up to and including 6.8, and hexagon nuts of product grade C in property classes up to and including 6 used in timber structures. If dimensions other than those listed in this International Standard are required, they should be selected from those given in ISO 887.
ISO 4759-3:2016
Tolerances for fasteners - Part 3: Washers for bolts, screws and nuts - Product grades A, C and F
ISO 4759-3:2016 specifies tolerances for flat washers of product grades A, C and F with nominal diameters of 1 mm to 150 mm inclusive, designed to be used in bolted joints in combination with bolts, screws, studs and nuts. This part of ISO 4759 may be applied to non-flat washers however it does not include all the tolerances related to these washers. It applies to non-captive and captive washers, and to standard and non-standard washers. It does not apply to dynamic disc springs. Washers of product grades F and A are intended to be used with bolts, screws, studs and nuts of product grades A and B; washers of product grade C are intended to be used with bolts, screws, studs and nuts of product grade C. NOTE The product grade refers to a specific tolerance range related to dimensional and geometrical characteristics (product grade F for fine tolerances, product grade A for precise tolerances, product grade C for large tolerances). Annex A presents tolerances taken from ISO 286 1 and ISO 286 2.
ISO 7090:2000
Plain washers, chamfered -- Normal series -- Product grade A
This International Standard specifies the characteristics of normal-series, product-grade-A plain washers chamfered at the outside diameter, in the 200 HV and 300 HV hardness classes and of nominal sizes (nominal thread diameters) ranging from 5 mm to 64 mm inclusive. Washers of hardness class 200 HV are suitable for bolts and screws of product grades A and B in property classes up to and including 8.8; nuts of product grades A and B in property classes up to and including 8; bolts, screws and nuts of stainless steel of similar chemical composition; case-hardened thread rolling screws. Washers of hardness class 300 HV are suitable for bolts and screws of product grades A and B in property classes up to and including 10.9; nuts of product grades A and B in property classes up to and including 10. If dimensions other than those listed in this International Standard are required, they should be selected from those given in ISO 887. When soft material pieces are clamped, or large clearance holes in the workpiece are used, the user should check the technical suitability of this type of washer.
SAE AS 7240A-2015 (SAE AS7240A-2015)
Washers, Spring Lock, Carbon Steel, Procurement Specification for (Stabilized: Feb 2015)
This procurement specification covers plain helical lock washers fabricated from heat treated carbon steel.
SAE AS 7241A-2011 (SAE AS7241A-2011)
Washers, Spring Lock, Corrosion Resistant Steel 18Cr ~ 9Ni (UNS S30200), Procurement Specification for
This procurement specification covers plain helical lock washers made of corrosion-resistant steel of the type identified under the Unified Numbering System as UNS S30200. Primarily for use with corrosion-resistant steel threaded fasteners; not recommended for use at temperatures higher than 700 \mDF (370 \mDC).
SAE MA 1784A-2018
Spacers and Washers, Procurement Specification for, Metric
This specification covers metric aircraft quality spacers for use as positioners for tubes, flat washers for use as load spreaders, galling protection of adjacent surfaces and or material compatibility, and key or tab washers for use as locks for bolts, nuts, and screws.
ISO 10644:2009
Screw and washer assemblies made of steel with plain washers - Washer hardness classes 200 HV and 300 HV
ISO 10644:2009 specifies the requirements for metric screw and plain washer assemblies made of steel with coarse thread M2 to M12 inclusive, flat seating heads, property classes up to and including 10.9 and washer hardness classes 200 HV or 300 HV. The plain washers are captive, i.e. prevented from disassembly and free to rotate.
ISO 10669:1999
Plain washers for tapping screw and washer assemblies - Normal and large series - Product grade A
This International Standard specifies the characteristics of plain steel washers of product grade A for tapping screw and washer assemblies in accordance with ISO 10510.
ISO 10673:2009
Plain washers for screw and washer assemblies - Small, normal and large series - Product grade A
ISO 10673:2009 specifies the characteristics of plain steel washers, small, normal and large series, of product grade A for metric screw and washer assemblies in accordance with ISO 10644.
ISO 9217:2002
Aerospace - Washers, chamfered, with counterbore, for pulleys, in alloy steel and cadmium plated or in corrosion-resistant steel and passivated - Dimensions and masses
ISO 9217:2002 specifies the characteristics of chamfered washers with counterbore in alloy steel and cadmium plated (classification 900 MPa/235 C) or in corrosion-resistant steel and passivated (classification 900 MPa/450 C). ISO 9217:2002 is applicable to washers used with ISO 9219 bolts, diameter code 080 to 250, ISO 9216 nuts and ISO 1234 split pins in the assembly of ISO 7939 pulleys. ISO 9217:2002 is also applicable to washers in the assembly of airframe rolling bearings or spherical bearings.
ISO 9218:2002
Aerospace - Washers, flat, for pulleys, in alloy steel and cadmium plated or in corrosion-resistant steel and passivated - Dimensions and masses
ISO 9218:2002 specifies the characteristics of flat washers in alloy steel and cadmium plated (classification 900 MPa/235 C) or in corrosion-resistant steel and passivated (classification 900 MPa/450 C). ISO 9218:2002 is applicable to washers used with ISO 9219 bolts, diameter code 050 and 060, ISO 9216 nuts and ISO 1234 split pins in the assembly of ISO 7939 pulleys. ISO 9218:2002 is also applicable to washers in the assembly of airframe rolling bearings or spherical bearings.
SAE AS 1495B-2019
Shaft Nut and Keywasher, Installation Dimensions for
The purpose of this Standard is to provide installation dimensions for shaft nuts and their companion keywasher. The Standard type typically shown on MS9951 and MS9952, but is also suitable for parts which are dimensionally equivalent.
SAE AS 567L-2021
Safety Cable, Safety Wire, Key Washers, and Cotter Pins for Propulsion Systems, General Practices for Use of
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers devices whose primary function is the retention of fasteners, except for such devices that are integral with the item being retained.
