Soap, detergent, and cleaning solutions standards are published primarily by ASTM. The topics compiled here cover many facets of creating cleaners for many different applications, including soaps, laundry detergent, and industrial cleaners. Topics include manufacturing safety and potential hazards related to certain chemicals, ingredients, and content.
This document specifies a method for the simultaneous determination of the total alkali content and the total fatty matter content of soaps (including liquid soaps), excluding compounded products.
This European Standard specifies a test method and the minimum requirements for bactericidal activity of chemical disinfectant and antiseptic products that form a homogeneous, physically stable preparation when diluted with hard water or - in the case of ready-to-use products -with water. Products can only be tested at a concentration of 80% or less, as some dilution is always produced by adding the test organisms and interfering substance.This document applies to products that are used in food, industrial, domestic and institutional areas excluding areas and situations where disinfection is medically indicated and excluding products used on living tissues except those for hand hygiene in the above considered areas.
This European Standard specifies a test method and the minimum requirements for bactericidal activity of chemical disinfectant and antiseptic products that form a homogeneous, physically stable preparation when diluted with hard water or - in the case of ready-to-use products -with water. Products can only be tested at a concentration of 80% or less, as some dilution is always produced by adding the test organisms and interfering substance.This document applies to products that are used in food, industrial, domestic and institutional areas excluding areas and situations where disinfection is medically indicated and excluding products used on living tissues except those for hand hygiene in the above considered areas.
This European Standard specifies a test method and the minimum requirements for basic bactericidal activity of chemical disinfectant and antiseptic products that form a homogeneous, physically stable preparation when diluted with water. Products can only be tested at a concentration of 80 % or less as some dilution is always produced by adding the test organisms and water. This European Standard applies to active substances (antibacterial biocides) and to formulations under development that are planned to be used in food, industrial, domestic and institutional, medical and veterinary areas. It applies also to the evaluation of bactericidal activity of chemical antiseptics and disinfectants when appropriate standards are not available. NOTE 1 This European Standard does not evaluate the activity of a product for an intended use. NOTE 2 This method corresponds to a phase 1 test (Annex F).
This specification covers insecticides for use in disinsection of aircraft as required on international passenger flights.
This technical information report (TIR) provides additional guidance to sterile processing managers and others regarding compliance with occupational safety and environmental regulations.
The soap is dissolved in ethanol, filtrated and the undissolved residue is weighed. The constituents not dissolved correspond to the additives and foreign matter, of low solubility or insolubility in 95 % (V/V) ethanol, added to soaps and also to substances in all soap formulations, such as alkali carbonates and chlorides, borates, perborates, suphates, silicates, phosphates etc. It also may consist of organic substances like starches, dextrins, caseins, sugars, cellulose derivatives, alginates, etc.
1.1 This guide provides guidelines for several techniques of measuring the foam stability of light-duty hand dishwashing detergent products in the presence of artificially applied test-food soils. It is intended as a laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation of products, for quality control and as a basis between the formulator and supplier in standardizing foam stability of the detergents. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 Detergents play a critical role in the cleaning of clinically-used medical devices, but there are few consensus methods for describing the key characteristics of these detergents. This guide identifies consensus standards, ASTM and others, used to characterize detergents in other applications, which can also be used to characterize detergents used to clean clinically-used medical devices. 1.2 In identifying these test methods, manufacturers of detergents can reference this guide to characterize their detergents. 1.3 By identifying applicable test methods, gaps may be identified where development of new standardized test methods need to be developed to characterize detergents intended to clean medical devices. 1.4 By identifying applicable test methods that are used and results reported by detergent manufacturers, test results can be shared and may lead in the future to development of performance criteria for the key characteristics of detergent. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 Exclusions: 1.6.1 This guide is not intended for detergents formulated to remove residues as a result of the manufacturing process. 1.6.2 This guide does not provide information related to disinfection or disinfecting agents that might be part of a detergent formulation. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This guide identifies important factors to consider when selecting a disinfectant for use in a cleanroom or similar controlled environment and recommends test methods suitable for evaluating disinfectants. The proper selection of disinfecting agent combined with qualification testing is a key element of a successful disinfection program. Regulatory guidance such as United States Pharmacopoeia Chapter 1072 , Disinfectants and Antiseptics and the FDA Guidance for Industry, Sterile Drug Products Produced by Aseptic Processing Current Good Manufacturing Practice address the necessity of disinfectant effectiveness testing but do not clearly define acceptable test methods. 1.2 An understanding of microbiology and microbiological techniques is essential. Knowledge in the following areas is recommended: microorganisms, antimicrobial products (disinfectants, sporicides, and decontamination agents), the chemistry of disinfection, mechanism of activity of disinfectants on cells, application procedures, cleanroom surfaces, and environmental conditions within a cleanroom. This information is available in several published texts listed in the bibliography. 1.3 The theoretical basis for disinfectant activity is not addressed in this guide. An understanding of the effect of disinfectant concentration on microbial reduction (concentration exponent) and kinetics is desirable in determining the use-dilution of different disinfectants and in using dilution to neutralize a disinfectant for efficacy testing. USP chapter 1072 provides further information on this topic. 1.4 This guide is written for the cleanroom environment, although many of the principles outlined in this standard are applicable to manufacturing and processing environments outside of the cleanroom. 1.5 Evaluation of disinfectants for biofilm control is outside the scope of this document. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This guide covers the preparation of aqueous solutions of soaps and detergents and the determination of their pH. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This guide covers the preparation of aqueous solutions of soaps and detergents and the determination of their pH. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This guide covers the preparation of aqueous solutions of soaps and detergents and the determination of their pH. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This practice covers the suggested use of various soaps and detergents that are used to clean articles, either as part of routine maintenance, where resistance to the cleaning material is being evaluated, or for those circumstances where an article needs to be cleaned before it is tested. Note 1: For historical purposes, the protocol for testing the resistance of paints and coatings used in the home appliance market remains in this Practice, found in the Appendix X1 . 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) in soaps and synthetic detergents. Throughout this test method EDTA represents the hydrated disodium salt containing 2 moles of H2O. In the chemical literature this is frequently abbreviated to Na2H2Y4 · 2H2O.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) in soaps and synthetic detergents. Throughout this test method EDTA represents the hydrated disodium salt containing 2 moles of H2O. In the chemical literature this is frequently abbreviated to Na2H2Y4 · 2H2O.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
1.1 This practice is designed to recover microorganisms from the skin of human subjects or human subject surrogates (animal skin, isolated porcine skin, human skin equivalents, and other such surfaces). 1.2 Knowledge of microbiological techniques is required for these procedures. 1.3 It is the responsibility of the investigator to determine if Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and Good Clinical Practice (GCP) is required. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This test method covers a potentiometric titration procedure for determining active matter in disinfectant quaternary ammonium salts. This test method is intended for the analysis of quaternary ammonium salts used as disinfectants, and only applies to the following commonly used quaternary ammonium salts: n -alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (see Fig. 1 ), cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, and a blend of n -octyldecyl dimethylammonium chloride, di- n -octyl dimethylammonium chloride, and di- n -decyldimethyl ammonium chloride (see Fig. 2 ). Also, this test method can be applied to the analysis of disinfectant type products where the formula ingredients are known and the quaternary ammonium salt is one of the above. Interferences such as amines oxides and betaines present in disinfectant formulations were not tested. 1.2 This disinfectant quaternary ammonium salt conforms to the structures in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 . 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary information, see Section 8 .
1.1 This guide provides direction for measuring the ability of detergents to prevent the deposition of soils from detergent solutions onto fabrics. It is intended as a laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation of detergent products, for quality control, and as a basis between the purchaser and seller in standardizing specific products' performance. 1.2 The anti-soil deposition performance of detergent products will vary greatly depending on the type of soils and fabrics used in the test. Therefore, selection of the soils, fabrics, reference detergents, and test conditions shall be made by agreement between the interested parties on the basis of experience. 1.3 There is no single or combination of oily soils or particulate soils, or both, that will precisely predict overall the performance of a product or treatment with respect to anti-redeposition as perceived by a consumer. This guide is intended to assess or compare detergent performance with respect to the anti-redeposition performance for the specific soil chosen. 1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material safety data sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 Direct titration of an anionic surfactant with a standardized cationic reagent is a simple and convenient method for the quantitative determination of the content of active ingredient. The end point is detffected by the transfer of a colored complex from an organic solvent phase to an aqueous phase. The relationship between anionic and cationic agents is not always stoichiometric, and for maximum accuracy the anionic type of interest should first be characterized and then used to standardize the cationic reagent. In most cases, however, the different anionic surfactants likely to be encountered react in the same proportions. That is, a cationic titrating solution standardized against a characterized anionic agent can be used to analyze other anionics of known molecular weights. 1.2 This test method is applicable to alkylaryl sulfonates and fatty alkyl sulfates. Low results are obtained with alkylbenzene sulfonates having the alkyl chain length less than eight carbon atoms. Low results are also obtained for alkyl sulfates with the alkyl chain length of less than twelve carbon atoms. The anionic surfactants characterized in accordance with Sections 17 23 should be the sodium salt and not amine, ammonium, or potassium salts. In case only amine or ammonium salts are available, they should be first converted to the sodium salt before proceeding with this analysis. 1.3 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:... 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazards statement, see Section 7.
1.1 Direct titration of an anionic surfactant with a standardized cationic reagent is a simple and convenient method for the quantitative determination of the content of active ingredient. The end point is detffected by the transfer of a colored complex from an organic solvent phase to an aqueous phase. The relationship between anionic and cationic agents is not always stoichiometric, and for maximum accuracy the anionic type of interest should first be characterized and then used to standardize the cationic reagent. In most cases, however, the different anionic surfactants likely to be encountered react in the same proportions. That is, a cationic titrating solution standardized against a characterized anionic agent can be used to analyze other anionics of known molecular weights. 1.2 This test method is applicable to alkylaryl sulfonates and fatty alkyl sulfates. Low results are obtained with alkylbenzene sulfonates having the alkyl chain length less than eight carbon atoms. Low results are also obtained for alkyl sulfates with the alkyl chain length of less than twelve carbon atoms. The anionic surfactants characterized in accordance with Sections 17 23 should be the sodium salt and not amine, ammonium, or potassium salts. In case only amine or ammonium salts are available, they should be first converted to the sodium salt before proceeding with this analysis. 1.3 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:... 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazards statement, see Section 7.
1.1 This test method specifies the operational parameters required to grow and treat a Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm in a high throughput screening assay known as the MBEC (trademarked) 2 (Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration) Physiology and Genetics Assay. The assay device consists of a plastic lid with ninety-six (96) pegs and a corresponding receiver plate with ninety-six (96) individual wells that have a maximum 200 μL working volume. Biofilm is established on the pegs under batch conditions (that is, no flow of nutrients into or out of an individual well) with gentle mixing. The established biofilm is transferred to a new receiver plate for disinfectant efficacy testing. 3, 4 The reactor design allows for the simultaneous testing of multiple disinfectants or one disinfectant with multiple concentrations, and replicate samples, making the assay an efficient screening tool. 1.2 This test method defines the specific operational parameters necessary for growing a Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm, although the device is versatile and has been used for growing, evaluating and/or studying biofilms of different species as seen in Refs ( 1- 4 ) . 5 1.3 Validation of disinfectant neutralization is included as part of the assay. 1.4 This test method describes how to sample the biofilm and quantify viable cells. Biofilm population density is recorded as log 10 colony forming units per surface area. Efficacy is reported as the log 10 reduction of viable cells. 1.5 Basic microbiology training is required to perform this assay. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and chemical analysis of cake, powdered, flake, liquid, and paste soaps, and soap products.
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:...
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 10. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
1.1 These test methods cover the various test methods that are applicable to alkylbenzene in order to evaluate those properties pertinent to the characterization of the alkylbenzene with respect to its suitability for desired uses. Note 1 Detergent alkylate comprises alkylbenzenes prepared by varying processes, of varying alkyl chain configuration and length. The alkylate is sulfonated for surfactant use, the largest application being in detergent products. Careful control of detergent alkylate characteristics is desired, for along with sulfonation procedure, variations of the sulfonate can ensue that may result in either desirable or undesirable end-use properties. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazards statement, see Section 4.
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and chemical analysis of inorganic alkaline detergents. 1.2 The procedures appear in the following order: Sections Caustic Soda: Sampling 5 Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na 2 O) 6 – 8 Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) 9 – 11 Carbonate as Sodium Carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) 12 Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) by the Evolution Method 13 – 16 Soda Ash: Sampling 17 Matter Volatile at 150 °C to 155 °C 18 and 19 Total Alkalinity as Sodium Carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) 20 – 22 Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) 23 – 25 Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) by Potentiometric Titration 26 – 28 Matter Insoluble in Water 29 and 30 Apparent Density 31 and 32 Modified Soda (Sequicarbonate Type): Sampling 33 Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na 2 O) 34 – 36 Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) and Sodium Carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) 37 – 39 Matter Insoluble in Water 40 Sodium Bicarbonate: Sampling 41 Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Carbonate, and Free Moisture 42 – 45 Matter Insoluble in Water 46 Sodium Metasilicate, Sodium Sesquisilicate and Sodium Orthosil- icate: Sampling 47 Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na 2 O) 48 – 50 Total Silica as SiO 2 51 – 53 Sodium Metasilicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ·5H 2 O) 54 Sodium Sesquisilicate (3Na 2 O·2SiO 2 ·11H 2 O) 55 Matter Insoluble in Water 56 and 57 Loss on Ignition of Sodium Sesquisilicate (3Na 2 O·2SiO 2 ·11H 2 O) 58 and 59 Sodium Orthosilicate (Na 4 SiO 4 ) 60 Trisodium Phosphate: Sampling 61 Trisodium Phosphate (Na 3 PO 4 ) Content and Phosphorus Pentoxide (P 2 O 5 ) 62 – 64 Trisodium Phosphate Calculated as Na 3 PO 4 ·12H 2 O, Na 3 PO 4 · H 2 O, Na 3 PO 4 , and as P 2 O 5 65 – 68 Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na 2 O) 69 – 71 Matter Insoluble in Water 72 and 73 Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate: Sampling 74 Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate (Na 4 P 2 O 7 ) 75 – 79 Matter Insoluble in Water 80 and 81 Loss on Ignition 82 and 83 Borax: Sampling 84 Total Borate and Excess Alkalinity or Acidity 85 – 87 Matter Insoluble in Water 88 and 89 Sodium Triphosphate: Sampling 90 Tritratable Na 2 O 91 – 94 Total P 2 O 5 : Preferred Method 95 – 97 Alternative Method 98 – 101 pH Titration 102 – 107 Quantitative Separation and Measurement of Various Phosphates: Reverse-Flow Ion-Exchange Chromatography (Preferred Method) 108 – 119 Paper Chromatographic Method 120 – 127 pH of 1 percent Solution 128 Turbidity 129 Temperature Rise 130 – 134 Sulfate 135 – 137 Ignition Loss 140 and 141 Matter Insoluble in Water 142 – 144 Particle Size 145 Orthophosphate 146 – 151 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.