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Impact Testing

Metallic material impact testing standards are published by ASTM and ISO. ASTM has useful standards for standard test methods, covering instrumented impact testing and notched bar impact testing respectively. ISO publishes the standard on the Charpy pendulum impact test. These standards cover valuable, proven techniques to determine if a metallic material can withstand the force needed to operate in applications ranging from vehicle engines to the covering on aerospace modules.

ASTM E2298-18

Standard Test Method for Instrumented Impact Testing of Metallic Materials

1.1 This test method establishes the requirements for performing instrumented Charpy V-notch (CVN) and instrumented miniaturized Charpy V-notch (MCVN) impact tests on metallic materials. This method, which is based on experience developed testing steels, provides further information (in addition to the absorbed energy) on the fracture behavior of the tested materials. Minimum requirements are given for measurement and recording equipment such that similar sensitivity and comparable absorbed energy measurements to those obtained in Test Methods E23 and E2248 are achieved. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E23-18

Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials

1.1 These test methods describe notched-bar impact testing of metallic materials by the Charpy (simple-beam) test and the Izod (cantilever-beam) test. They give the requirements for: test specimens, test procedures, test reports, test machines (see Annex A1 ) verifying Charpy impact machines (see Annex A2 ), optional test specimen configurations (see Annex A3 ), designation of test specimen orientation (see Terminology E1823 ), and determining the shear fracture appearance (see Annex A4 ). In addition, information is provided on the significance of notched-bar impact testing (see Appendix X1 ), and methods of measuring the center of strike (see Appendix X2 ). 1.2 These test methods do not address the problems associated with impact testing at temperatures below 196 C (77 K). 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Exception Section 9 and Annex A4 provide inch-pound units for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6 . 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ISO 148-2:2016

Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test - Part 2: Verification of testing machines

ISO 148-2:2016 covers the verification of pendulum-type impact testing machines, in terms of their constructional elements, their overall performance and the accuracy of the results they produce. It is applicable to machines with 2 mm or 8 mm strikers used for pendulum impact tests carried out, for instance, in accordance with ISO 148 1. It can be applied to pendulum impact testing machines of various capacities and of different design. Impact machines used for industrial, general or research laboratory testing of metallic materials in accordance with this part of ISO 148 are referred to as industrial machines. Those with more stringent requirements are referred to as reference machines. Specifications for the verification of reference machines are found in ISO 148 3. ISO 148-2:2016 describes two methods of verification. a) The direct method, which is static in nature, involves measurement of the critical parts of the machine to ensure that it meets the requirements of this part of ISO 148. Instruments used for the verification and calibration are traceable to national or international standards. b) The indirect method, which is dynamic in nature, uses reference test pieces to verify points on the measuring scale for absorbed energy. The requirements for the reference test pieces are found in ISO 148 3. A pendulum impact testing machine is not in compliance with this part of ISO 148 until it has been verified by both the direct and indirect methods and meets the requirements of Clause 6 and Clause 7. ISO 148-2:2016 describes how to assess the different components of the total energy absorbed in fracturing a test piece. This total absorbed energy consists of - the energy needed to fracture the test piece itself, and - the internal energy losses of the pendulum impact testing machine performing the first half-cycle swing from the initial position. NOTE Internal energy losses are due to the following: - air resistance, friction of the bearings of the rotation axis and of the indicating pointer of the pendulum which can be determined by the direct method (see 6.4.5); - shock of the foundation, vibration of the frame and pendulum for which no suitable measuring methods and apparatus have been developed.

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