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Tensile Testing

Metallic material tensile testing standards are published by ASTM and ISO. A good starting point for those unfamiliar with the tensile testing process is ASTM E8/E8M-21, which covers standard test methods and many of the generic procedures and terms that are applicable to a variety of industries. Other more specific documents cover test methods such as biaxial tensile testing, test methods at room and elevated temperatures, elastic bar systems, servo-hydraulic, and uniaxial test methods. In addition, there are many of the following that cover calibration and maintenance of systems for tensile testing, and others that cover highly-specific applications such as superelastic nickel-titanium materials.

ASTM E8/E8M-21

Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials

1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic materials in any form at room temperature, specifically, the methods of determination of yield strength, yield point elongation, tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area. 1.2 The gauge lengths for most round specimens are required to be 4D for E8 and 5D for E8M . The gauge length is the most significant difference between E8 and E8M test specimens. Test specimens made from powder metallurgy (P/M) materials are exempt from this requirement by industry-wide agreement to keep the pressing of the material to a specific projected area and density. 1.3 Exceptions to the provisions of these test methods may need to be made in individual specifications or test methods for a particular material. For examples, see Test Methods and Definitions A370 and Test Methods B557 , and B557M . 1.4 Room temperature shall be considered to be 10 to 38°C [50 to 100°F] unless otherwise specified. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as separate from inch/pound units. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ISO 16842:2021

Metallic materials - Sheet and strip - Biaxial tensile testing method using a cruciform test piece

This document specifies the method for measuring the stress-strain curves of sheet metals subject to biaxial tension using a cruciform test piece fabricated from a sheet metal sample. The applicable thickness of the sheet is 0,1 mm or more and 0,08 times or less of the arm width of the cruciform test piece (see Figure 1). The test temperature ranges from 10 °C to 35 °C. The amount of plastic strain applicable to the gauge area of the cruciform test piece depends on the force ratio, slit width of the arms, work hardening exponent (n-value) (see Annex B) and anisotropy of a test material.

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ISO 6892-1:2019

Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature

This document specifies the method for tensile testing of metallic materials and defines the mechanical properties which can be determined at room temperature. NOTE Annex A contains further recommendations for computer controlled testing machines.

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ISO 6892-2:2018

Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 2: Method of test at elevated temperature

ISO 6892-2:2018 specifies a method of tensile testing of metallic materials at temperatures higher than room temperature.

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ISO 26203-1:2018

Metallic materials - Tensile testing at high strain rates - Part 1: Elastic-bar-type systems

ISO 26203-1:2018 specifies methods for testing metallic sheet materials to determine the stress-strain characteristics at high strain rates. This document covers the use of elastic-bar-type systems. The strain-rate range between 10 3 and 10 3 s 1 is considered to be the most relevant to vehicle crash events based on experimental and numerical calculations such as the finite element analysis (FEA) work for crashworthiness. In order to evaluate the crashworthiness of a vehicle with accuracy, reliable stress-strain characterization of metallic materials at strain rates higher than 10 3 s 1 is essential. This test method covers the strain-rate range above 10 2 s 1 . NOTE 1 At strain rates lower than 10 1 s 1 , a quasi-static tensile testing machine that is specified in ISO 7500 1 and ISO 6892 1 can be applied. NOTE 2 This testing method is also applicable to tensile test-piece geometries other than the flat test pieces considered here.

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ISO 26203-2:2011

Metallic materials - Tensile testing at high strain rates - Part 2: Servo-hydraulic and other test systems

ISO 26203-2:2011 gives requirements for the testing of metallic materials. Only examples for testing flat geometries are given; however, other geometries can be tested. The area of application spans a range of strain rates from 10-2 s-1 to 103 s-1. Tests are carried out between 10 °C and 35 °C and, unless otherwise specified, using a servo-hydraulic-type test system.

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ISO 9513:2012

Metallic materials - Calibration of extensometer systems used in uniaxial testing

ISO 9513:2012 specifies a method for the static calibration of extensometer systems used in uniaxial testing, including axial and diametral extensometer systems, both contacting and non-contacting.

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ISO 376:2011

Metallic materials - Calibration of force-proving instruments used for the verification of uniaxial testing machines

ISO 376:2011 specifies a method for the calibration of force-proving instruments used for the static verification of uniaxial testing machines (e.g. tension/compression testing machines) and describes a procedure for the classification of these instruments. It is applicable to force-proving instruments in which the force is determined by measuring the elastic deformation of a loaded member or a quantity which is proportional to it.

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ISO 204:2018

Metallic materials - Uniaxial creep testing in tension - Method of test

This document specifies the methods for a) uninterrupted creep tests with continuous monitoring of extension, b) interrupted creep tests with periodic measurement of elongation, c) stress rupture tests where normally only the time to fracture is measured, d) a test to verify that a predetermined time can be exceeded under a given force, with the elongation or extension not necessarily being reported. NOTE A creep test can be continued until fracture has occurred or it can be stopped before fracture.

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ISO 7500-1:2018

Metallic materials - Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines - Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines - Calibration and verification of the force-measuring system

ISO 7500-1:2018 specifies the calibration and verification of tension/compression testing machines. The verification consists of: - a general inspection of the testing machine, including its accessories for the force application; - a calibration of the force-measuring system of the testing machine; - a confirmation that the performance properties of the testing machine achieve the limits given for a specified class. NOTE This document addresses the static calibration and verification of the force-measuring systems. The calibration values are not necessarily valid for high-speed or dynamic testing applications. Further information regarding dynamic effects is given in the Bibliography. CAUTION Some of the tests specified in this document involve the use of processes which can lead to a hazardous situation.

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ISO 7500-2:2006

Metallic materials - Verification of static uniaxial testing machines - Part 2: Tension creep testing machines - Verification of the applied force

ISO 7500-2:2006 specifies the verification of testing machines used for uniaxial creep testing in tension in accordance with ISO 204. The verification consists of a general inspection of the testing machine, and a verification of the force applied by the testing machine. ISO 7500-2:2006 applies to dead-weight machines, lever-type creep testing machines and direct-spring-loading machines. Machines with a force-measuring system should be verified in accordance with ISO 7500-1.

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ISO 6892-4:2015

Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 4: Method of test in liquid helium

ISO 6892-4:2015 specifies the method of tensile testing of metallic materials in liquid helium (the boiling point is ?269 °C or 4,2 K, designated as 4 K) and defines the mechanical properties that can be determined. This part of ISO 6892 may apply also to tensile testing at cryogenic temperatures (less than ?196 °C or 77 K), which requires special apparatus, smaller test pieces, and concern for serrated yielding, adiabatic heating, and strain-rate effects. To conduct a tensile test according to this part of ISO 6892 at 4 K, the test piece installed in a cryostat is fully submerged in liquid helium (He) and tested using displacement control at a nominal strain rate of 10 3 s 1 or less. NOTE The boiling point of the rare 3He isotope is 3,2 K. Usually, the tests are performed in 4He or a mixture of 3He and 4He with a high concentration of 4He. Therefore, the temperature is, as designated before, 4 K.

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ISO 6892-3:2015

Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 3: Method of test at low temperature

ISO 6892-3:2015 specifies a method of tensile testing of metallic materials at temperatures between +10 °C and -196 °C.

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ASTM F2516-18

Standard Test Method for Tension Testing of Nickel-Titanium Superelastic Materials

1.1 This test method covers the tension testing of superelastic nickel-titanium (nitinol) materials, specifically the methods for determination of upper plateau strength, lower plateau strength, residual elongation, tensile strength, and elongation. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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