Paper Production and Safety
Paper production and safety standards are published primarily by ISO and ASTM, but many SDOs provide some kind of paper-related standard.The topics compiled here cover many facets of creating paper for many different applications. For instance, many physical aspects of paper, such as air permanence, amount of friction, and even labeling of end items that incorporate plastics and polymers. Other standards cover chemical aspects, such as chlorine concentration and concentration of other chemicals.
ISO 21993:2020
Paper and pulp - Deinkability test for printed paper products
This document specifies a basic laboratory test method for deinkability, applicable to any kind of printed paper product, under alkaline conditions by means of single stage flotation deinking and fatty acid-based collector chemistry.
BS EN 1010-1:2004+A1:2010
Safety of machinery. Safety requirements for the design and construction of printing and paper converting machines. Common requirements (British Standard)
5 1.1 This document applies to .printing machines for printing on paper and similar materials, including screen printing presses; equipment used in the preparation of the printing process and additional equipment on printing machines are also considered to be printing machines. This standard also covers machinery used for the handling of paper, products, printing formes and inks (before and after the printing process) as well as machinery for cleaning printing formes and checking the print quality (auxiliary printing machinery). .paper converting machines, i. e. machines to process, convert or finish paper, board and similar materials which are processed, converted or finished in a similar manner. NOTE Similar substrates are, for example, board, corrugated board, plastic film, aluminium foil, sheet metal and photographic paper. 1.2 This document deals with all common significant hazards relevant to printing and paper converting machinery when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see clause 4). This part of the standard defines the common safety requirements for all kinds of printing and paper converting machines and related common devices and shall be used in connection with another part of the EN 1010 series. The specific requirements specified in Part 2 and following parts of EN 1010 take precedence over the respective requirements in EN 1010-1. NOTE In addition, where a machine is not covered by a specific part of this standard, Part 1 of EN 1010 may be used to establish the approach for dealing with the relevant risks. 1.3 This document is not applicable to printing and paper converting machines which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN..EN 1010-1:2004 (E)
BS ISO 5636-5:2013
Paper and board. Determination of air permeance (medium range). Gurley method (British Standard)
ISO 5636-5:2013 specifies the Gurley method for determining the air permeance of paper and board using an air resistance tester, the Gurley apparatus.
It is applicable to papers and boards which have air permeances between 0,1 m/(Pa⋅s) and 100 m/(Pa⋅s) when tested with the Gurley apparatus.
It is unsuitable for rough-surfaced materials, which cannot be securely clamped to avoid leakage.
ISO 5636-5:2013 may also be used to determine the air resistance of paper and board.
BS ISO 15359:1999
Paper and board. Determination of the static and kinetic coefficients of friction. Horizontal plane method (British Standard)
This International Standard specifies
- a friction-testing method based on the horizontal plane principle, and
- the procedure for the determination of the static coefficient of friction before, and static and kinetic coefficients of friction after, a specified amount of wear between the surfaces.
It is applicable to paper and board.
ASTM D6868-21
Standard Specification for Labeling of End Items that Incorporate Plastics and Polymers as Coatings or Additives with Paper and Other Substrates Designed to be Aerobically Composted in Municipal or Industrial Facilities
1.1 This specification covers end items that include plastics or polymers where plastic film/ sheet or polymers are incorporated (either through lamination, extrusion or mixing) to substrates and the entire end item is designed to be composted under aerobic conditions in municipal and industrial composting facilities, where thermophilic temperatures are achieved.
1.2 This specification is intended to establish the requirements for labeling of end items which use plastics or polymers as coatings or binders, as “compostable in aerobic municipal and industrial composting facilities.â€
1.3 The properties in this specification are those required to determine if end items (including packaging) which use plastics and polymers as coatings or binders will compost satisfactorily, in large scale aerobic municipal or industrial composting where maximum throughput is a high priority and where intermediate stages of plastic biodegradation must not be visible to the end user for aesthetic reasons.
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test methods portion of this standard: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent for this standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
IEC 60814 Ed. 2.0 b:1997
Insulating liquids - Oil-impregnated paper and pressboard - Determination of water by automatic coulometric Karl Fischer titration
Describes methods for the determination of water in insulating liquids and in oil-impregnated cellulosic insulation with coulmetrically generated Karl Fischer reagent.
BS EN 14719:2005
Pulp, paper and board. Determination of the diisopropylnaphthalene (DIPN) content by solvent extraction (British Standard)
This European Standard describes a method for the determination of the content of diisopropylnaphthalene (DIPN) in paper, board and pulp by solvent extraction. The content of diisopropylnaphthalene (DIPN) is expressed as mg of total diisopropylnaphthalene DIPN isomers per kilogram of paper, board or pulp. This test method is appropriate for the quantitative determination of the content of diisopropylnaphthalene (DIPN) with a limit of determination of about 0,6 mg/kg.
BS ISO 11108:1996
Information and documentation. Archival paper. Requirements for permanence and durability (British Standard)
Contains requirements for unprinted archival paper intended for documents and publications required for permanent retention and frequent use. For these purposes paper of high performance and high durability is required.
ISO 536:2019
Paper and board - Determination of grammage
This document specifies a method for determining the grammage of paper and board.
BS EN 14338:2003
Paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Conditions for determination of migration from paper and board using modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO) as a simulant (British Standard)
This European Standard specifies a method to assess the transfer or migration of specific volatile and semivolatile substances from paper and board. This test method is developed for paper and board intended to come in contact with dry, non fatty foodstuffs and paper and board for baking purposes. In the last case the modified polyphenylenoxide (MPPO) can be seen as a substitute simulant for fatty contact. NOTE MPPO can also be seen as a substitute simulant for olive oil.
ISO 536:2019
Paper and board - Determination of grammage
This document specifies a method for determining the grammage of paper and board.
ISO 535:2023
Paper and board - Determination of water absorptiveness - Cobb method
This document specifies a method for determining the water absorptiveness of paper and board, including corrugated fibreboard, under standard conditions.
This document is not applicable for paper of grammage less than 50 g/m2 or embossed paper. It is not applicable for porous papers such as newsprint or papers such as blotting paper or other papers having a relatively high-water absorptiveness for which ISO 8787 is more suitable.
TAPPI/ANSI T 437 om-21
Dirt in Paper and Paperboard
This method (1-3) is suited for the visual estimation of dirt in paper or paperboard in terms of equivalent black area. For dirt in pulp, see TAPPI T 213 "Dirt in Pulp."
ISO 2493-1:2010
Paper and board - Determination of bending resistance - Part 1: Constant rate of deflection
ISO 2493-1:2010 specifies procedures, based on the two-point loading principle, for determining the bending resistance of paper and board.
ISO 2493-1:2010 applies to the measurement of the bending resistance within the range 20 mN to 10 000 mN. It is not applicable to corrugated board but can be applicable to the components of such board.
The bending angle is 15° and the bending length is 50 mm.
For samples having a bending resistance that is too low to measure with a bending length of 50 mm, a shorter bending length, i.e. 10 mm, can be used.
For boards that tend to be permanently deformed if bent through 15°, the half bending angle, i.e. 7,5°, can be used.
ISO 2493-2:2020
Paper and board - Determination of resistance to bending - Part 2: Taber-type tester
This document specifies procedures to measure the bending resistance of paper and paperboard using a Taber-type tester.
This document is used to determine the bending moment required to deflect the free end of a 38 mm wide vertically clamped specimen by 15° when the load is applied at a bending length of 50 mm. For boards that tend to be permanently deformed if bent through 15°, the half bending angle, i.e. 7,5°, can be used. The bending resistance is expressed in terms of the bending moment and parameters set by the manufacturer of the Taber-type tester.
The method is primarily used for papers with a high grammage.
NOTE This document does not cover the low-range version of the Taber-type instrument that uses a bending length of 10 mm (see Reference [5]).
ASTM D774/D774M-97(2007)
Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Paper
1.1 This test method covers measurements of the bursting strength of paper and paper products occurring as single or laminated flat sheets not over 0.6 mm [0.025 in.] in thickness having a bursting strength of 30 kPa up to 1400 kPa [4 psi up to 200 psi].
1.2 This test method is not intended for use in testing corrugated boxboard, liner board, or hardboards that tend to cut the thin rubber diaphragm.
Note 1—Similar procedures for making bursting strength measurements are found in ISO 2758 and TAPPI 403.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
