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General Aerospace

General aerospace particle testing standards are published by ASTM, SAE, and ONORM. ASTM standards cover the standard test method for solvent extract from aerospace components and the standard practice for sampling particles in aerospace fluid. The ONORM documents are part of the aerospace series that govern pipe coupling and screws, pan heads, close tolerance normal shank, short thread in titanium alloy. SAE documents cover microscopic sizing, particle counting, evaluation of contaminants in hydraulic fluid and dust controlled spaces, exhaust particle measurement, National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program (NADCAP), and calibration and validation procedures. Aerospace particle testing standards are all invaluable to aerospace industry professionals, especially defense contractors and engineers.

ASTM F303-08(2016)

Standard Practices for Sampling for Particles in Aerospace Fluids and Components

1.1 These practices cover sampling procedures for use in determining the particle cleanliness of liquids and liquid samples from components. Three practices, A, B, and C, have been developed on the basis of component geometry in order to encompass the wide variety of configurations. These practices establish guidelines to be used in preparing detailed procedures for sampling specific components. 1.2 All components, regardless of application, may be tested provided ( 1 ) the fluid medium selected is completely compatible with the materials, packing and fluid used in the test component, and test apparatus, and ( 2 ) the fluid is handled in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and precautions. A liquid shall be used as the test fluid medium. These test fluids may be flushing, rinsing, packing, end use operating, or suitable substitutes for end use operating fluids. ( Warning Practices for sampling surface cleanliness by the vacuum cleaner technique (used on clean room garments and large storage tanks) sampling gaseous fluids and handling hazardous fluids such as oxidizers, acids, propellants, and so forth, are not within the scope of the practices presented; however, they may be included in addendums or separate practices at a later date. Substitute fluids are recommended in place of end item fluids for preassembly cleanliness determinations on components using hazardous end item fluids. After obtaining the sample, the substitute fluid must be totally removed from the test part with particular caution given to the possibility of trapped fluid. It is hazardous to use a substitute fluid for testing assembled parts where the fluid can be trapped in dead ends, behind seals, and so forth.) 1.3 The cleanliness of assemblies with or without moving parts may be determined at the time of test; however, movement of internal component parts during the test will create unknown quantities of contamination from wear. Practice B covers configurations requiring dynamic actuation to achieve a sample. The practice does not differentiate between built-in particles and wear particles. 1.4 The three practices included are as follows:... 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM F331-13(2020)

Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Residue of Solvent Extract from Aerospace Components (Using Flash Evaporator)

1.1 This test method covers the determination of nonvolatile matter, that is, residue on evaporation, in solvent extract from aerospace components, using a rotary flash evaporator. 1.2 The procedure for extraction from components is described in practices such as Practice F303 . Before subjecting the extract to the following method, it should be processed to remove the insoluble particulate in accordance with Practice F311 ( Note 1 ). Particle count analysis of the removed particulate may then be performed in accordance with Test Method F312 . If particulate is not removed from the extract prior to performing this method, this should be noted on the test report. Note 1: Membrane filters with a maximum extractable content of 0.5 weight % should be used on samples to be processed by this test method. Conventional membranes contain 5 to 10 % extractables. For obtaining very low background levels, consideration should be given to using membranes without grid marks. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F1864-21

Standard Test Method for Dust Erosion Resistance of Optical and Infrared Transparent Materials and Coatings

1.1 This test method covers the resistance of transparent plastics and coatings used in aerospace windscreens, canopies, and viewports to surface erosion as a result of dust impingement. This test method simulates flight through a defined particle cloud environment by means of independent control of particle size, velocity, impact angle, mass loading, and test duration. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SAE AS 598A-2018

Aerospace Microscopic Sizing and Counting of Particulate Contamination for Fluid Power Systems

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the materials, apparatus and procedure for microscopic sizing and counting of particulate contamination of fluid power systems by membrane filtration using microscopic counting.

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SAE AIR 877C-2012 (SAE AIR877C-2012)

Aerospace - Particle Count Data Conversion and Extrapolation ( Reaffirmed: Jun 2002 )

This document has been declared "Stabilized" and will no longer be subjected to periodic reviews for currency. Users are responsible for verifying references and continued suitability or technical requirements. New technology may exist. This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes a mathematical model that can be used to analyze particle count data. Particle counts that fit the model can be graphically displayed, converted from one counting size-frequency range to another, and extrapolated to estimate counts beyond the measured range. Derivation, applications and calculations are described. Cumulative particle counts larger than stated size-range are fitted against a modified log-normal distribution function by plotting on special log-log graph paper. Many real particle distributions approximate a straight line, showing good fit for this log-normal model. The resultant plot provides a basis for further analysis, including size-range conversion and extrapolation.

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SAE ARP 4285A-2018

Aerospace - Evaluation of Particulate Contamination in Hydraulic Fluid - Membrane Procedure

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes a method for evaluating the particulate matter extracted from the working fluid of a hydraulic system or component using a membrane. The amount of particulate matter deposited on the membrane due to filtering a given quantity of fluid is visually compared against a standard membrane in order to provide an indication of the cleanliness level of the fluid.

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ONORM EN 4551:2015

Aerospace series - Pipe coupling, 37░, in heat resisting steel - Swivel nuts - Inch series (Austrian Standard)

Specifies the methods of sampling, sample preparation and sieve analysis for the determination of the size distribution in a consignment or a lot af all types of ferroalloys of particle size equal to or greater than 40 m.

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ONORM EN 4610:2006

Aerospace series - Pipe coupling 8° 30' in titanium alloy - Elbows 45°, with thrust wire nut (Austrian Standard)

ISO 4610:2001 specifies a method for the determination of the sieve retention and particle size distribution of preferably free-flowing vinyl chloride homopolymer and copolymer resins prepared by the 'suspension', 'bulk' and 'emulsion' polymerization processes. Control of these characteristics can help to ensure consistency of supply and predictable processing behaviour.

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ONORM EN 4497:2006

Aerospace series - Screws, pan head, offset cruciform recess, close tolerance normal shank, short thread, in titanium alloy, anodized, with aluminium pigmented coating - Classification: 1 100 MPa (at ambient temperature) / 315 °C (Austrian Standard)

The method is applicable to dry, unlubricated powders, but not applicable to powders in which the morphology differs markedly from being equiaxial, for example flake-type powders. Is not applicable to metallic powders having a particle size wholly or mostly unter 45 /u. Specifies principle, apparatus, preparation of test portion, procedure, expression of results and test report.

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SAE AIR 5892B-2012 (SAE AIR5892B-2012)

Nonvolatile Exhaust Particle Measurement Techniques ( Stabilized: Mar 2012 )

This document has been declared "Stabilized" and will no longer be subjected to periodic reviews for currency. Users are responsible for verifying references and continued suitability or technical requirements. New technology may exist. This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) addresses procedures applicable to quantifying the emission of nonvolatile particulate matter at the exit plane of aircraft gas turbine engines. While both volatile and nonvolatile particulate matter (PM) are present in aircraft gas turbine exhaust, the methods used to measure nonvolatile particles are farther advanced and are addressed here. Existing PM measurement regulations employ the SAE Smoke Number measurement (Reference 2.1.1), a stained filter technique used in evaluating visible emissions. The environmental and human health issues associated with submicronic PM emissions require more detailed measurement of the mass, size, and quantity of these particle emissions. Responding to regulatory agency requests, this AIR describes measurement techniques that are well developed and could be applied to the measurement of aircraft engine particulate matter. The techniques discussed here are considered relevant for measuring particle parameters identified with environmental and health concerns. The discussion that follows is based on research made while developing measurement techniques and in scientific and engineering experiments regarding PM emissions. The techniques are not yet used in routine aircraft engine certification. Future use in regulatory testing is likely to involve further refinements in methodology and application. It is planned that these refinements will be included in the subsequent publication of an Aerospace Recommended Practice. The distinction between nonvolatile and volatile particle types is a critical task in the measurement of particles in aircraft engine exhaust. Appendix A, SAE E-31 Position Paper on Particle Matter Measurements, provides additional technical bases for the scope of this AIR. The measurement methods for volatile condensed particles in turbine exhaust will be covered in a subsequent report. Observations to date show that volatile particles occur mainly at diameters less than 10 nanometers (

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SAE ARP 743C-2010 (SAE ARP743C-2010)

Procedure for the Determination of Particulate Contamination of Air in Dust Controlled Spaces By the Particle Count Method (Cancelled: May 2010)

This document has been decalred "CANCELLED" as of May 2010. By this action, this document will remain listed in the Numercial Section of the Aerospace Standards Index. This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes two procedures for sampling particles in dust controlled spaces. One procedure covers airborne dust above 5 ?m. The other (and newly added procedure) covers particles of 25 ?m and larger that "fall out" of the environment onto surfaces. In each case the particles are sized in the longest dimension and counted. Airborne particles are reported as particles per cubic meter (cubic foot) whereas particles collected in fall out samples are reported as particles per 0.1 square meter (square foot). This document includes English units in parentheses as referenced information to the SI units where meaningful.

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SAE AS 7100/1B-2008 (SAE AS7100/1B-2008)

National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program (NADCAP) Survey Checklists for the NDT Suppliers Accreditation Program (Cancelled: Aug 2008)

This standard includes the forms to be used by a third party to survey a nondestructive test facility with respect to penetrant, magnetic particle, ultrasonic, and/or radiographic methods.

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SAE ARP 1192C-2000 (SAE ARP1192C-2000)

Procedure for Calibration and Verification of a Liquidborne Particle Counter: An Absolute Standard (Cancelled: Nov 2000)

This aerospace recommended practice describes procedures for establishing a calibration curve for use with an automatic liquidborne particle counter (APC) and verifying the sizing and counting accuracy of the instrument.

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