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General Paint Standards

General paint particle testing standards are published by ISO, ASTM, and ANSI. The ISO 9934 series includes non-destructive testing general principles, detection media, and equipment. ANSI publishes a standard for arts and crafts materials for ink and paints. ASTM publishes standard test methods, practices, and guides on chemical analysis of zinc dust, sampling for particulate contamination by tape lift, microspectrophotometry, and evaluating on-site extraction for lead. The other ISO documents cover determination of density, sample preparation, coating powders, and viscosity determination.

ISO 9934-1:2016

Non-destructive testing - Magnetic particle testing - Part 1: General principles

ISO 9934-1:2016 specifies general principles for the magnetic particle testing of ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle testing is primarily applicable to the detection of surface-breaking discontinuities, particularly cracks. It can also detect discontinuities just below the surface but its sensitivity diminishes rapidly with depth. ISO 9934-1:2016 specifies the surface preparation of the part to be tested, magnetization techniques, requirements and application of the detection media, and the recording and interpretation of results. Acceptance criteria are not defined. Additional requirements for the magnetic particle testing of particular items are defined in product standards (see the relevant International Standards or European standards). ISO 9934-1:2016 does not apply to the residual magnetization method.

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ISO 9934-2:2015

Non-destructive testing - Magnetic particle testing - Part 2: Detection media

ISO 9934-2:2015 specifies the significant properties of magnetic particle testing products (including magnetic ink, powder, carrier liquid, contrast aid paints) and the methods for checking their properties.

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ISO 9934-3:2015

Non-destructive testing - Magnetic particle testing - Part 3: Equipment

ISO 9934-3:2015 describes three types of equipment for magnetic particle testing: - portable or transportable equipment; - fixed installations; - specialized testing systems for testing components on a continuous basis, comprising a series of processing stations placed in sequence to form a process line. Equipment for magnetizing, demagnetizing, illumination, measurement, and monitoring are also described. This part of ISO 9934 specifies the properties to be provided by the equipment supplier, minimum requirements for application and the method of measuring certain parameters. Where appropriate, measuring and calibration requirements and in-service checks are also specified.

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ANSI Z356.5-1998

Art and Craft Materials - Paints and Inks

This standard provides minimum requirements for materials, toxicity, coarse particle content, characteristics, working qualities, preservative effectiveness, size, and packaging of paints and inks for art education.

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ASTM D7911-19

Standard Guide for Using Reference Material to Characterize Measurement Bias Associated with Volatile Organic Compound Emission Chamber Test

1.1 This guide provides procedures for using a reference material with a known emission rate of a volatile organic compound (VOC) to estimate the bias associated with a VOC emission chamber test. 1.2 This guide may be used to assess measurements of VOC emissions conducted in a variety of environmental chambers, such as small-scale chambers, full-scale chambers, emission cells, and micro-scale chambers. 1.3 This guide may be used to assess measurements of VOC emissions from a variety of sources including dry materials (for example, carpet, floor tile and particleboard) and wet materials (for example, paint and cleaning products). 1.4 This guide can be used to support quality control efforts by emissions testing laboratories, third party accreditation of testing laboratories participating in emissions testing programs, and quality control efforts by manufacturers of building and other materials. 1.5 This guide may be used to support the determination of precision and bias of other commonly used VOC emission standards including Guide D5116 , Test Method D6007 , ISO 16000-9, ANSI/BIFMA M7.1, and CDPH/EHLB/Standard Method V1.2. 1.6 This guide also describes the attributes of a suitable emission reference material and the different methods available to independently determine the reference material s VOC emission rate. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7803-19

Standard Practice for Preparation of Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coated Iron and Steel Product and Hardware Surfaces for Powder Coating

1.1 This practice describes methods of preparing surfaces of hot-dip galvanized iron and steel for powder coating and the application of powder coating materials. 1.1.1 Powder coating is a dry finishing process which uses finely ground particles of pigment and resin, electrostatically charged, and sprayed onto a part to be coated. The parts are electrically grounded so that the charged particles projected at them adhere to the surface and are held there until melted and fused into a smooth coating in the curing oven. 1.1.2 Hot-dip galvanized iron or steel is produced by the immersion of fabricated or un-fabricated products in a bath of molten zinc, as specified in Specification A123/A123M or A153/A153M . This practice covers surface preparation and thermal pretreatment of iron and steel products and hardware which have not been painted or powder coated previously (Practice D6386 ). Galvanized surfaces may have been treated with protective coatings to prevent the occurrence of wet storage stain. This practice neither applies to sheet galvanized steel products nor to the coil coating or continuous roller coating processes. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D521-02(2019)

Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Zinc Dust (Metallic Zinc Powder)

1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the chemical analysis of metallic zinc powder in the form commercially known as zinc dust for use as a pigment in paints. 1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order: 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1216-21

Standard Practice for Sampling for Particulate Contamination by Tape Lift

1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling surfaces to determine the presence of particulate contamination, 5 μm and larger. The practice consists of the application of a pressure-sensitive tape to the surface followed by the removal of particulate contamination with the removal of the tape. The tape with the adhering particles is then mounted on counting slides. Counting and measuring of particles is done by standard techniques. 1.2 This practice describes the materials and equipment required to perform sampling of surfaces for particle counting and sizing. 1.3 The criteria for acceptance or rejection of a part for conformance to surface cleanliness level requirements shall be determined by the user and are not included in this practice. 1.4 This practice is for use on surfaces that are not damaged by the application of adhesive tape. The use of this practice on any surface of any material not previously tested, or for which the susceptibility to damage is unknown, is not recommended. In general, metals, metal plating, and oxide coatings will not be damaged. Application to painted, vapor deposited, and optical coatings should be evaluated before implementing this test. 1.5 This practice provides three methods to evaluate tape lift tests, as follows: 1.6 Units - The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E2808-21a

Standard Guide for Microspectrophotometry in Forensic Paint Analysis

1.1 This guide is intended to assist forensic analysts who conduct UV, visible, NIR, or fluorescence emission spectral analyses on small fragments of paint or use Guide E1610 , as this guide is to be used in conjunction with a broader analytical scheme. 1.2 This guide deals primarily with color measurements within the visible spectral range but will also include some details concerning measurements in the UV and NIR spectral ranges. The particular method(s) employed by each analyst depends upon available equipment, examiner training (Practices E2917 , E3234 ), sample suitability, and sample size. 1.3 This guide provides basic recommendations and information about microspectrophotometers. 1.4 This guide does not address other areas of color evaluation such as colorimetric values, paint surface texture or pigment particle size, shape, or dispersion within a paint film that are evaluated by other forms of microscopy. 1.5 This guide is directed at the color analysis of commercially prepared paints and coatings. It does not address the analysis or determination of provenance of artistic, historical, or restorative paints, but it could be useful in those fields. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard is intended for use by competent forensic science practitioners with the requisite formal education, discipline-specific training (see Practices E2917 , E3234 ), and demonstrated proficiency to perform forensic casework. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1775-20

Standard Guide for Evaluating Performance of On-Site Extraction and Field-Portable Electrochemical or Spectrophotometric Analysis for Lead

1.1 This guide provides guidelines for determining the performance of field-portable quantitative lead analysis instruments. 1.2 This guide applies to field-portable electroanalytical and spectrophotometric (including reflectance and colorimetric) analyzers. 1.3 Sample matrices of concern herein include paint, dust, soil, and airborne particles. 1.4 This guide addresses the desired performance characteristics of field-based sample extraction procedures for lead, as well as on-site extraction followed by field-portable analysis. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ISO 2811-4:2011

Paints and varnishes - Determination of density - Part 4: Pressure cup method

ISO 2811-4:2011 specifies a method for determining the density of paints, varnishes and related products using a pressure cup. The method is suitable for products which are aerated. Emulsion paints, for example, often trap small air bubbles, and these might still be present when the density is measured. It is not, however, suitable for textured paints which contain coarse particles.

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ISO 14887:2000

Sample preparation -- Dispersing procedures for powders in liquids

This International Standard was developed to help particle size analysts make good dispersions from powder/liquid combinations with which they are not experienced. It provides procedures for wetting a powder into a liquid; deagglomerating the wetted clumps; determining if solution composition can be adjusted to prevent reagglomeration; selecting dispersing agents to prevent reagglomeration; evaluating the stability of the dispersion against reagglomeration. This International Standard is applicable to particles ranging in size from approximately 0,05 to 100 m. It provides a series of questions on the nature of the powder and liquid involved. The answers are used with charts that guide the user to generic dispersing agents that are likely to be suitable for dispersing the powder in the liquid. This International Standard applies only to the preparation of simple, dilute dispersions (less than 1 % by volume solids) for particle size analysis. It does not deal with the formulation of complex and commercial mixtures highly loaded with solids, such as paints, inks, pharmaceuticals, herbicides and composite plastics.

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ISO 8130-10:2021

Coating powders - Part 10: Determination of deposition efficiency

This document specifies a method for determining the mass fraction in per cent (%) of a sprayed coating powder which is deposited on a test item under known spray gun and environmental conditions. The method is applicable to powders applied by corona or tribo charging and can be used to compare the deposition efficiency of different powders with the same or different gun with the same powder. This method is only used for comparison when powders or guns are evaluated consecutively, as the influence of the environment and the equipment can vary significantly with time and location.

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ISO 8130-13:2019

Coating powders - Part 13: Particle size analysis by laser diffraction

This document specifies a method for the determination of the equivalent-sphere particle size distribution of coating powders by laser diffraction, for particles of the size range from 1 µm to 300 µm. NOTE There is a possibility that particle sizes 300 µm need the use of a different optical model. This document is specific for the measurement of coating powders and also draws attention to ISO 13320, which provides guidance on instrument qualification and particle size distribution. Laser diffraction is not suitable for determining oversize material, which can be verified by sieve analysis as described in ISO 8130 1 or by dynamic image analysis as described in ISO 13322 2.

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ISO 2884-1:1999

Paints and varnishes -- Determination of viscosity using rotary viscometers -- Part 1: Cone-and-plate viscometer operated at a high rate of shear

This part of ISO 2884 is one of a series dealing with the sampling and testing of paints, varnishes and related products. It supplements ISO 2431:1993, Paints and varnishes Determination of flow time by use of flow cups. It specifies the general procedure to be followed in determining the dynamic viscosity of paints, varnishes and related products at a rate of shear between 9000 s 1 and 12000 s 1 . The value obtained gives information about the resistance offered by the material to brushing, spraying and roller coating during application. The method specified in this part of ISO 2884 is suitable for all paints and varnishes whether they are Newtonian in behaviour or not. Materials containing dispersions of large particles will produce spurious results.

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