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Robotics Vocabulary

The vocabulary used in the robotics industry brings it together. This includes terms used in robot capabilities, devices, and more.



ASTM E2521-16 Red

Standard Terminology for Evaluating Response Robot Capabilities (Standard + Redline PDF Bundle)

1.1 This terminology identifies and precisely defines terms as used in the standard test methods, practices, and guides for evaluating response robots intended for hazardous environments. Further discussions of the terms can be found within the standards in which the terms appear.

1.2 The term definitions address response robots, including ground, aquatic, and aerial systems. Some key features of such systems are remotely operated from safe standoff distances, deployable at operational tempos, capable of operating in complex environments, sufficiently hardened against harsh environments, reliable and field serviceable, durable or cost effectively disposable, and equipped with operational safeguards.

1.3 Units—Values stated in either the International System of Units (metric) or U.S. Customary units (inch-pound) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Both units are referenced to facilitate acquisition of materials internationally and minimize fabrication costs. Tests conducted using either system maintain repeatability and reproducibility of the test method and results are comparable.



ISO 19649:2017

Mobile robots - Vocabulary

ISO 19649:2017 defines terms relating to mobile robots that travel on a solid surface and that operate in both industrial robot and service robot applications. It defines terms used for describing mobility, locomotion and other topics relating to the navigation of mobile robots.


ISO 11593:1996

Manipulating industrial robots - Automatic end effector exchange systems - Vocabulary and presentation of characteristics

Defines terms relevant to automatic end effector exchange systems used for manipulating industrial robots. The terms are presented by their symbol, unit, definition and description. The definition includes references to existing standards.


ISO 14539:2000

Manipulating industrial robots -- Object handling with grasp-type grippers -- Vocabulary and presentation of characteristics

This International Standard focuses on the functionalities of end effectors and concentrates on grasptype grippers as defined in 4.1.2.1.

This International Standard provides terms to describe object handling and terms of functions, structures, and elements of grasp-type grippers.

Annex A, which is informative, provides formats for presenting characteristics of grasp-type grippers. This part can be used in the following ways:

  • End effector manufacturers can present the characteristics of their products to robot users.
  • Robot users can specify the requirements of end effectors they need.
  • Robot users can describe the characteristics of the objects to be handled and of handling the objects in their specific robot applications.

This International Standard is also applicable to simple handling systems which are not covered by the definition of manipulating industrial robots, such as pick-and-place or master-slave units.


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As the voice of the U.S. standards and conformity assessment system, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) empowers its members and constituents to strengthen the U.S. marketplace position in the global economy while helping to assure the safety and health of consumers and the protection of the environment.

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