Tests for Multiple Elements in Water

Standards for element-specific content testing of wastewater provide standardized test methods for the determination of dissolved and total recoverable element quantities. With standards grouped by those applicable to the testing for a single element, those addressing the testing for multiple elements through a single method, and those which instead test for a compound (or a group of them), these standards provide part of the foundation on which treatment methods are judged upon, and thus must be reliable between labs and technicians.

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ASTM D4127-18a

Standard Terminology Used with Ion-Selective Electrodes

1.1 This terminology covers those terms recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), 2 and is intended to provide guidance in the use of ion-selective electrodes for analytical measurement of species in water, wastewater, and brines. 1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ISO 15586:2003

Water quality - Determination of trace elements using atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace

ISO 15586:2003 includes principles and procedures for the determination of trace levels of: Ag, Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V, and Zn in surface water, ground water, drinking water, wastewater and sediments, using atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization in a graphite furnace. The method is applicable to the determination of low concentrations of elements. The detection limit of the method for each element depends on the sample matrix as well as of the instrument, the type of atomizer and the use of chemical modifiers. For water samples with a simple matrix (i.e. low concentration of dissolved solids and particles), the method detection limits will be close to instrument detection limits. The minimum acceptable detection limit values for a 20-microlitre sample volume are specified.

ISO 17294-2:2023

Water quality - Application of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) - Part 2: Determination of selected elements including uranium isotopes

This document specifies a method for the determination of the elements aluminium, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, bismuth, boron, cadmium, caesium, calcium, cerium, chromium, cobalt, copper, dysprosium, erbium, gadolinium, gallium, germanium, gold, hafnium, holmium, indium, iridium, iron, lanthanum, lead, lithium, lutetium, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, neodymium, nickel, palladium, phosphorus, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, rubidium, rhenium, rhodium, ruthenium, samarium, scandium, selenium, silver, sodium, strontium, terbium, tellurium, thorium, thallium, thulium, tin, titanium, tungsten, uranium and its isotopes, vanadium, yttrium, ytterbium, zinc and zirconium in water (e.g. drinking water, surface water, ground water, waste water and eluates). Taking into account the specific and additionally occurring interferences, these elements can be determined in water and digests of water and sludge (e.g. digests of water as described in ISO 15587 - 1 or ISO 15587 - 2 ). The working range depends on the matrix and the interferences encountered. In drinking water and relatively unpolluted waters, the limit of quantification ( L OQ ) lies between 0,002 µg/l and 1,0 µg/l for most elements (see Table 1 ). The working range typically covers concentrations between several ng/l and mg/l depending on the element and specified requirements. The quantification limits of most elements are affected by blank contamination and depend predominantly on the laboratory air-handling facilities available on the purity of reagents and the cleanliness of glassware. The lower limit of quantification is higher in cases where the determination suffers from interferences (see Clause 5 ) or memory effects (see ISO 17294 - 1 ). Elements other than those mentioned in the scope can also be determined according to this document provided that the user of the document is able to validate the method appropriately (e.g. interferences, sensitivity, repeatability, recovery).

ASTM D6919-17

Standard Test Method for Determination of Dissolved Alkali and Alkaline Earth Cations and Ammonium in Water and Wastewater by Ion Chromatography

1.1 This test method is valid for the simultaneous determination of the inorganic alkali and alkaline earth cations, lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, as well as the ammonium cation in reagent water, drinking water, and wastewaters by suppressed and nonsuppressed ion chromatography. 1.2 The anticipated range of the test method is 0.05 200 mg/L. The specific concentration ranges tested for this test method for each cation were as follows (measured in mg/L):... 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 It is the user s responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazards statements specific to this test method, see 8.3 . 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM D6508-15

Standard Test Method for Determination of Dissolved Inorganic Anions in Aqueous Matrices Using Capillary Ion Electrophoresis and Chromate Electrolyte

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the inorganic anions fluoride, bromide, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, ortho-phosphate, and sulfate in drinking water, wastewater, and other aqueous matrices using capillary ion electrophoresis (CIE) with indirect UV detection. See Figs. 1- 6 . 1.2 The test method uses a chromate-based electrolyte and indirect UV detection at 254 nm. It is applicable for the determination or inorganic anions in the range of 0.1 to 50 mg/L except for fluoride whose range is 0.1 to 25 mg/L. 1.3 It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the validity of this test method for other anion concentrations and untested aqueous matrices. Note 1: The highest accepted anion concentration submitted for precision and bias extend the anion concentration range for the following anions: Chloride to 93 mg/L, Sulfate to 90 mg/L, Nitrate to 72 mg/L, and ortho-phosphate to 58 mg/L. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9 .

ASTM D5673-16(2024)e1

Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma—Mass Spectrometry

1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved elements in ground water, surface water, and drinking water. It may also be used for the determination of total-recoverable elements in these waters as well as wastewater. 2 1.2 This test method should be used by analysts experienced in the use of inductively coupled plasma—mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the interpretation of spectral and matrix interferences and procedures for their correction. 1.3 It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of the test method for waters of untested matrices. 1.4 Table 1 lists elements for which the test method applies, with recommended masses and typical estimated instrumental detection limits using conventional pneumatic nebulization. Actual working detection limits are sample dependent and, as the sample matrix varies, these detection limits may also vary. In time, other elements may be added as more information becomes available and as required. 1.4.1 This method covers the analysis of mine dewatering groundwater and wastewater effluent in the range of 2 g/L to 120 g/L dissolved antimony and 3 g/L to 200 g/L dissolved arsenic. 1.4.2 This method covers the analysis of metallurgical processing cyanide solutions in the range of 1 g/L to 500 µg/L dissolved gold. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM D1976-20

Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved, total-recoverable, or total elements in drinking water, ground water, surface water, domestic, commercial or industrial wastewaters, 2 , 3 within the following concentration ranges of Table 1 . 1.2 It is the user s responsibility to ensure the validity of the test method for waters of untested matrices. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 2 and Section 9 . 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM D3919-15

Standard Practice for Measuring Trace Elements in Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

1.1 This practice covers the general considerations for the quantitative determination of trace elements in water and wastewater by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Furnace atomizers are a most useful means of extending detection limits; however, the practice should only be used at concentration levels below the optimum range of direct flame aspiration atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Because of differences between various makes and models of satisfactory instruments, no detailed operating instructions can be provided for each instrument. Instead, the analyst should follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of a particular instrument. 1.2 Wavelengths, estimated detection limits, and optimum concentration ranges are given in the individual methods. Ranges may be increased or decreased by varying the volume of sample injected or the instrumental settings or by the use of a secondary wavelength. Samples containing concentrations higher than those given in the optimum range may be diluted or analyzed by other techniques. 1.3 This technique is generally not applicable to brines and seawater. Special techniques such as separation of the trace elements from the salt, careful temperature control through ramping techniques, or matrix modification may be useful for these samples. 1.4 The analyst is encouraged to consult the literature as provided by the instrument manufacturer as well as various trade journals and scientific publications. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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