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ASTM F899-09

Name: ASTM F899-09
Brand: ASTM
SKU: ASTM F899-09
Price: 68.00 USD
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Standard Specification for Wrought Stainless Steels for Surgical Instruments

1.1 This specification covers the chemistry requirements for wrought stainless steels used for the manufacture of surgical instruments. The data contained in Tables 1-4 of this specification, including typical hardness values, common heat treating cycles, and examples of selected stainless steels that have been used for surgical instruments, is provided for reference only. Mechanical property requirements, heat treating requirements, hardness requirements and all other requirements except chemistry are governed by the appropriate material standards as referenced below or as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.

1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

TABLE 1 Typical Maximum Hardness for Selected Class 4 Martensitic Stainless Steels in The Annealed Condition^A

Type	Typical Maximum Brinell Hardness^B
410	210
410X	220
416	262
416 Mod	262
420A	220
420B	235
420 Mod	255
420X	262
420C	262
420F	262
420F Mod	262
431	285
440A	285
440B	285
440C	285
440F	285
UNS S42026	260
UNS S42010	235

^A Excludes billets and bars for forging.

^B Or equivalent Rockwell hardness.

TABLE 2 Typical Heat Treating Cycles and Resultant Hardness Values for Selected Class 4 Martensitic Stainless Steels

Type	Typical Hardening^A Heat Treatment	Typical Hardness at Indicated Tempering Temperature^B			Type	Typical Hardening^A Heat Treatment	Typical Hardness at Indicated Tempering Temperature^B
Type	Typical Hardening^A Heat Treatment	°F	°C	(HRC)	Type	Typical Hardening^A Heat Treatment	°F	°C	(HRC)
410	1850°F (1010°C) +	500	260	43	420C	1900°F (1038°C) +	300	149	58
	Oil quench	700	371	43		Warm oil quench	400	204	55/56
	or air cool	900^C	482	42			500	260	53/54
		1000^C	538	30			600	315	53/54
		1100	593	24			700	371	54/55
410X	1875°F (1024°C) +	500	260	46			800^D	427	55
	Oil quench	700	371	46/47	420F	1900°F (1038°C) +	300	149	52
	or air cool	900^C	482	48		Warm oil quench	400	204	52
		1000^C	538	44			500	260	50
		1100	593	31			600	315	50
416 Mod	1800°F (982°C) +	300	149	38			700	371	49
	Oil quench	500	260	37			800^D	427	49
		700	371	37	420F Mod	1900°F (1038°C) +	300	149	53
		900^C	482	35		Warm oil quench	400	204	50
		1000^C	538	30			500	260	48
		1100	593	22			600	315	48
416	1800°F (982°C) +	300	149	41			700	371	48
	Oil quench	500	260	39			800^D	427	48
		700	371	41	UNS S42026	1920°F (1050°C)+	400	204	56
		900^C	482	36		oil quench or	500	260	54/55
		1000^C	538	31		pressure gas	600	315	53/54
		1100	593	26	431	1900°F (1038°C) +	500	260	42
						Oil quench	700	371	42
							900^C	482	45
							1100^C	593	34
420A	1850°F (1010°C) +	300	149	53	440A	1900°F (1038°C) +	300	149	56/57
	Warm oil quench	400	204	50		Warm oil quench	400	204	56
		500	260	48			500	260	54
		600	315	48			600	315	51/52
		700	371	48			700	371	51
		800^D	427	48			800^D	427	50
420B	1900°F (1038°C) +	300	149	52	440B	1900°F (1038°C) +	300	149	58/59
	Warm oil quench	400	204	52		Warm oil quench	400	204	56/57
		500	260	50			500	260	53/54
		600	315	50			600	315	53
		700	371	49			700	371	54
		800^D	427	49			800^D	427	54
420 Mod	180°F (1010°C) + oil quench or pressure gas	350 400 500 600	177 204 260 315	56/57 55 54 53
420X	1900°F (1038°C) +	300	149	52	440C	1900°F (1038°C) +	300	149	60
	Warm oil quench	400	204	52		Warm oil quench	400	204	59
		500	260	50			500	260	57
		600	315	50			600	315	56
		700	371	49			700	371	56
		800^D	427	49			800^D	427	56
S42010	1900°F	400	204	50	440F	1900°F (1038°C) +	300	149	60
	(1038°C) + Warm	500	260	47		Warm oil quench	400	204	59
	Oil Quench	600^E	316	47			500	260	57
		700	371	48			600	315	56
		850	454	48			700	371	56
							800^D	427	56

^A Time at temperature depends on section size. Controlled heat treating atmosphere or alternate quench media may be used in accordance with good commercial practice.

^B Temper at least one hour at indicated temperature and air cool. Large section sizes require longer time at temperature.

^C Tempering in the range of 750/1050°F (399/566°C) results in decreased impact strength and reduced corrosion resistance.

^D Tempering over 800°F (427°C) results in reduced corrosion resistance.

^E Tempering above 600°F (316°C) results in reduced toughness.

TABLE 3 Examples of Selected Stainless Steels That Have Been Used for Surgical Instruments in Accordance with ISO 7153/1

Type	Cutting Instruments	Non-Cutting Instruments
303	Chisels and gouges, bone curettes	probes
304		retractors
410		tissue, forceps, dressing forceps, retractors, probes
420A	Bone rongeurs, conchotomes, bone cutting forceps, chisels and gouges, bone curettes, scissors with carbide inserts	forceps, retractors, probes, forceps with bow handles, branch forceps
420B	bone rongeurs, scissors
420C	scissors, bone rongeurs, bone cutting forceps, conchotomes, scalpels, knives, bone curettes, chisels and gouges
420 Mod	bone rongeurs, conchotomes, bone cutting forceps, chisels and gouges, bone curettes, scissors with carbide inserts, scissors, scalpels, knives	tissue forceps, dressing forceps, retractors, probes, forceps, forceps with bow handles, branch forceps

TABLE 4 Examples of Selected Stainless Steels That Have Been Used For Surgical Instruments in the United States

Type	Cutting Instruments	Non-Cutting Instruments
302	knives, chisels, gouges, curettes	cannula, forceps, guides, needle vents, retractors, specula, spreaders, tendor passers, springs
303^A	chisels, curettes, knives	cannula, clamps, drills, forceps, handles, hammers, mallets, needle vents, punches, retractors, rulers, screws, skin hooks, specula, spreaders, suction tubes, tendon strips, tongs, tunnelers, probes
304		cannula, clamps, forceps, holders, handles, needle vents, retractors, specula, spreaders, suction tubes, tendon passers
316		specula
410	chisels, curettes, dissectors, osteotomes, reamers, scissors with inserts	clamps, clip applicators, elevators, forceps, hemostats, holders, needle holders, punches, retractors, skin hooks, sounds, spreaders, probes, dilators
410X	curettes, dissectors, rongeurs	clamps, forceps, hemostats, holders, punches, retractors
416^A	chisels, curettes, dissectors	clamps, punches, retractors, skin hooks, spreaders
420^B	chisels, curettes, cutters, bone cutting forceps, knives, scissors, rongeurs, scalpels, skin punches, conchotomes	clamps, elevators, punches, rounds, dissectors, retractors, skin hooks, needles
420F^A	cutters	burrs
431		cheek retractors, insertion wrenches, orthopeadic instruments
440^C	chisels, knives, osteotomes, scalpels	drills, retractors, spreaders, tongs
420 Mod	chisels, curettes, cutters, bone cutting forceps, knives, scissors, rongeurs, scalpels, skin punches, conchotomes, ostoetomes, reamers	clamps, elevators, punches, rounds, dissectors, retractors, skin hooks, needles, cheek retractors, insertion wrenches, orthopaedic instruments, drills, spreaders, tongs, screwdrivers
630	reamers
XM-16	scissors	drills, needles
XM-13	reamers, rasps
S46500	reamers, scissors, rasps, knives	Clamps, punches, impactor guides, strike plates, screwdrivers, hex drivers

^A It is not recommended that free-machining grades be used for critical portions of surgical instruments. Free machining grades should only be considered for instrument applications when appropriate steps can be taken during manufacture to minimize the inherent limitations of this class of alloys (see section 10.1)

^B Types 420A, 420B, 420C, or UNS S42026 may be used depending on instrument design and application.

^C Types 440A, 440B, or 440C may be used depending on instrument design and application.

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