Cylinder Standards
Cylinder Standards address the performance requirements and test procedures for a variety of cylinders including oxygen cylinders, wheel cylinders, hydraulic cylinders, brake cylinders, power cylinders, and aircraft engine cylinders. SAE International (SAE) has developed numerous standards for cylinders that are used in aircrafts and vehicles. These standards address specific issues that are associated with cylinders such as corrosion, leakage, endurance, performance, maintenance, integrity, and friction. Many of the SAE Cylinder Standards were developed by the Piston and Ring Standards Committee (fact sheet).
SAE J 1153-2012 (SAE J1153-2012)
Hydraulic Master Cylinders for Motor Vehicle Brakes~Test Procedure ( Stabilized: Feb 2012 )
This document has been declared "Stabilized" and will no longer be subjected to periodic reviews for currency. Users are responsible for verifying references and continued suitability or technical requirements. New technology may exist. This SAE Standard specifies the test procedure to determine minimum performance and durability characteristics for master cylinder assemblies of current established designs, components of which conform to sAE standards. It is applicable to new assemblies from commercial production and remanufacture (factory rebuild). The minimum performance and durability requirements are specified in SAE J1154.
SAE J 1154-2012 (SAE J1154-2012)
Hydraulic Master Cylinders for Motor Vehicle brakes~Performance requirements ( Stabilized: Feb 2012 )
This document has been declared "Stabilized" and will no longer be subjected to periodic reviews for currency. Users are responsible for verifying references and continued suitability or technical requirements. New technology may exist. This SAE Standard specifies minimum performance and durability requirements for master cylinder assemblies of current established designs, components of which conform to SAE Standards. It is applicable to new assemblies from commercial production and remanufacture (factory rebuild). These performance requirements are based on those generally used by individual companies in the industry and have demonstrated satisfactory component field performance.
SAE AIR 1059F-2020
Oxygen Cylinder Quality, Serviceability, Maintenance Transfilling, and Marking
This document provides guidance concerning the maintenance and serviceability of oxygen cylinders beginning with the quality of oxygen that is required, supplemental oxygen information, handling and cleaning procedures, transfilling, and marking of serviced oxygen assemblies. This document attempts to outline in a logical sequence oxygen quality, serviceability, and maintenance of oxygen cylinders. Content of this document can also be used for refilling of oxygen cylinder while installed on aircraft, directly or through an intermediate charging port.
SAE J 1568-2012 (SAE J1568-2012)
Materials for Plastic Pistons for Hydraulic Disc Brake Cylinders ( Reaffirmed: Apr 2012 )
The materials defined by this SAE Standard are glass-fiber-reinforced, mineral-filled phenolic molding compounds suitable for compression molding. Performs may be radio frequency preheated or screw preheated slugs. Compound for use in hydraulic disc brake caliper pistons.
SAE ARP 5021B-2019
Oxygen Cylinder Installation Guide
This document provides guidance for oxygen cylinder installation on commerical aircraft based on airworthiness requirements, and methods practiced within aerospace industry. It covers considerations for oxygen systems from beginning of project phase up to production, maintenance, and servicing. The document is related to requirements of DOT-approved oxygen cylinders, as well to those designed and manufactured to standards of ISO 11119. However, its basic rules may also be applicable to new development pertaining to use of such equipment in an oxygen environment. For information regarding oxygen cylinders itself, also refer to AIR825/12.
SAE ARP 169B-2014 (SAE ARP169B-2014)
Numbering of Aircraft Engine Cylinders (Stabilized: Sep 2014)
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines a method of numbering aricraft engine cylinders.
SAE J 1693-2012 (SAE J1693-2012)
Remanufactured Hydraulic Master Cylinder for Motor Vehicle brakes~General Characteristics and Test Procedure ( Reaffirmed: Apr 2012 )
This SAE Recommended Practice specifies the general characteristics and test procedure to define the minimum characteristics, performance, and durability requirements. It is applicable to remanufactured assemblies (factory rebuild) only. This document applies to master cylinder assemblies and components of current established designs but does not cover fluid level sensors, integral proportioning valves or those master cylinders used in anti-lock brake or traction control systems. These will be covered by other standards. The minimum characteristics, performance, and durability requirements are specified in SAE J1694.
SAE J 1694-2012 (SAE J1694-2012)
Remanufactured Hydraulic Master Cylinder for Motor Vehicle brakes~Performance Requirements ( Reaffirmed: Apr 2012 )
This SAE Recommended Practice defines minimum requirements for general characteristics, performance, and durability. It is applicable to remanufactured assemblies (factor rebuild) only. This document applies to master cylinder assemblies and components of current established designs but does not cover fluid level sensors, integral proportioning valves, or those master cylinders used in anti-lock brake or traction control systems. These will be covered by other standards. The general characteristics and test procedure are specified in SAE J1693.
SAE AS 1066B-2002 (SAE AS1066B-2002)
Minimum Standards Valve, for High Pressure, Oxygen Cylinder Shut Off, Manually Operated ( Reaffirmed: Dec 2007 )
This standard covers all types of manually operated high pressure oxygen, cylinder shut off valves for use in commercial type aircraft. It is intended that the valve shall be attached to a pressure cylinder storing oxygen under pressure of 1800 to 2100 psi at 70 F. Upon opening the valve, oxygen will be permitted to discharge from the storage cylinder to the valve outlet and thence to other components of the oxygen system. It shall also be possible to recharge the cylinder through the valve. The purpose of this standard is to define general minimum standards for the design, fabrication, test and packaging of manually operated, high pressure breathing oxygen cylinder shut off valves. Applicable is AS 861, MINIMUM GENERAL STANDARDS FOR OXYGEN SYSTEMS.
SAE AS 6011-1999 (SAE AS6011-1999)
Cylinders, Carbon Dioxide Filled, Technical
This specification covers the requirements for the procurement of three types of puncturable-seal carbon dioxide filled cylinders.
SAE J 101-2013 (SAE J101-2013)
Hydraulic Wheel Cylinders for Automotive Drum Brakes (Stabilized: Jul 2013)
This document specifies minimum performance and durability requirements for satisfactory vehicle usage, and it is applicable to wheel cylinder assemblies from commercial production, after production shipment, shelf storage, and remanufacture (factory rebuild).
SAE J 1333-2015 (SAE J1333-2015)
Hydraulic Cylinder Rod Corrosion Test
SAE J1333 applies to hydraulic cylinders which are components of self-propelled work machines defined in SAE J1116.
SAE J 1334-2015 (SAE J1334-2015)
Hydraulic Cylinder Integrity Test
Applies to hydraulic cylinders which are components of Off-Road Work Machines defined in SAE J1116.
SAE J 1336-2021
Hydraulic Cylinder Leakage Test
Applies to hydraulic cylinders which are components of off-road self-propelled work machines defined in SAE J1116.
SAE J 1374-2020
Hydraulic Cylinder Rod Seal Endurance Test Procedure
Applies to hydraulic seals used to seal the rods of hydraulic cylinders which are components of off-road self-propelled work machines defined in SAE J1116.
SAE J 1601-2011 (SAE J1601-2011)
Rubber Cups for Hydraulic Actuating Cylinders ( Stabilized: Mar 2011 )
These specifications cover molded cups 51 mm (2 in) in diameter and under, compounded from high temperature resistance rubber for use in hydraulic actuating cylinders employing motor vehicle brake fluid conforming to the requirements specified in SAE J1703 and SAE J1705. These specifications cover the performance tests of hydraulic brake cups under specified conditions and do not include requirements relating to chemical composition, tensile strength, and elongation of the rubber compound. Disc brake seals are not covered by this specification.
SAE J 1603-2014 (SAE J1603-2014)
Rubber Seals for Hydraulic Disc Brake Cylinders (Stabilized: Dec 2014)
This SAE Standard describes the performance and part requirements for elastomeric seals used in highway vehicle disc brake calipers. Seals covered by this specification may be the solid section type (square, rectangular, O-ring, etc.) mounted stationary in the cylinder bore or on the movable piston. The specification contains the following major sections:
SAE J 1604-2015 (SAE J1604-2015)
Rubber Boots for Drum-Type Hydraulic Brake Wheel Cylinders
This SAE Standard covers molded rubber boots used as end closures on drum-type wheel brake actuating cylinders to prevent the entrance of dirt and moisture, which could cause corrosion and otherwise impair wheel brake operation. The document includes performance tests of brake cylinder boots of both plain and insert types under specified conditions and does not include requirements relating to chemical composition, tensile strength, or elongation of the rubber compound. Further, it does not cover the strength of the adhesion of rubber to the insert material where an insert is used. The rubber material used in these boots is classified as suitable for operation in a temperature range of -40 to +120 °C ± 2 °C (-40 to + 248 °F ± 3.6 °F).
SAE J 1605-2014 (SAE J1605-2014)
Brake Master Cylinder Reservoir Diaphragm Gasket
This SAE Standard covers performance requirements and methods of test for master cylinder reservoir diaphragm gaskets that will provide a functional seal and protection from outside dirt and water.
SAE J 2053-2006 (SAE J2053-2006)
Brake Master Cylinder Plastic Reservoir Assembly for Road Vehicles
This SAE Standard specifies the performance test procedures and requirements of a plastic reservoir assembly suitable for use on a Hydraulic Brake Master Cylinder (reference SAE J1153). Intended usage is for on-road vehicles using brake fluid conforming to FMVSS 116 (DOT 3), and SAE J1703, and SAE J1704 specifications. This document includes the cap/cover and diaphragm as integral parts of the reservoir assembly. The fluid level sensor (FLS) is also included as an integral part of the assembly. However, additional FLS standards and/or requirements are applicable and necessary which are not covered in this document. This document is intended to provide minimum performance requirements of current established designs on those reservoir assemblies generally used by individual manufacturers which have demonstrated satisfactory field performance. This document is applicable to new reservoir assemblies for commercial or aftermarket production.
SAE J 2794-2018
Power Cylinder Oil Consumption: Transport Mechanisms
This document covers oil transport mechanisms from the power cylinder system which might affect oil consumption. It will not discuss in detail the oil consumption mechanisms from other systems or engine components.
SAE J 2795-2021
Power Cylinder Oil Consumption: Problem Solving
This document describes methodologies to determine the causes of high oil consumption caused primarily by the power cylinder system.
SAE J 2796-2018
Power Cylinder Oil Consumption: Methods of Measurement
This document describes the major techniques for measuring oil consumption. It does not cover all the sub-variations that might be used to make this measurement.
SAE J 2797-2014 (SAE J2797-2014)
Power Cylinder Blow-By: Blow-By Mechanisms
This document covers the mechanisms associated with the power cylinder system which might affect blow-by. It will not discuss in detail the blow-by mechanisms from other systems or engine subsystems.
SAE J 2798-2021
Power Cylinder Blow-by: Problem Solving
This document describes methodologies to determine the causes blow-by oil consumption caused by the power cylinder.
SAE J 2904-2010 (SAE J2904-2010)
Power Cylinder Friction: Mechanisms
This document covers the mechanisms from the power cylinder which contribute to the mechanical friction of an internal combustion engine. It will not discuss in detail the influence of other engine components or engine driven accessories on friction. In internal combustion engines, the ability of an engine to generate its power potential to its fullest is hindered by the inherent internal friction of the sliding components and the friction of the engine driven accessories. In an era where power and fuel economy are key performance attributes, any operating condition which hinders the ability of an engine to achieve these attributes is of primary interest to the engine designer. Any sliding surface in the engine contributes to the friction of an engine. According to Taylor, (Reference a), the friction of an internal combustion engine is partitioned between the piston and ring assembly and the bearing, valve, and gear trains with the piston assembly accounting for 75% of the friction. Since the power cylinder friction is a major contributor to the over-all mechanical friction of the engine, any friction reduction goes directly to brake power with no increase in emissions, will add thermal efficiency at no cost to the customer, and can potentially improve durability. Any attempt to minimize the friction of an engine logically starts with decreasing the friction of the piston assembly. This document focuses on the friction of the piston and ring assembly sliding in a lubricated bore, in an attempt to communicate the current best thinking on the subject of power cylinder friction. With this understanding, the engine designer or engine development engineer will be able to minimize the friction of the power cylinder assembly thereby contributing to the power output or fuel economy of an internal combustion engine.
SAE J 824-1995 (SAE J824-1995)
Engine Rotation and Cylinder Numbering
This SAE Standard was developed to provide a method for indicating the direction of engine rotation and numbering of engine cylinders. The document is intended for use in designing new engines to eliminate the differences which presently exist in industry.
